The effect of fungicides on silkworm larvae was analyzed with regard to the fact that these beneficial insects are usually affected by fungicides, Daily feeding on 1 and 2g/liter of carbendazim, a systemic fungicide, did not have significant effects on larval and pupal mortality. However the weight of the treated larvae showed considerable weight decrease up to 37% weight.. All the economic tra...

Late blight of potato (Solanum tuberosum, L.) caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is a major worldwide threat to the production of high quality potatoes (12). Unchecked, P. infestans can rapidly defoliate plants in the field and can infect potato tubers when spores are washed into the soil (15). Prior to the early 1990s, the population of P. infestans throughout much of the world ...

Peronophythora litchii is the causal agent of litchi downy blight. Enestroburin, SYP-1620, SYP-2815 and ZJ0712 are four novel QoI fungicides developed by China. Eight mutants of P. litchii resistant to these QoI fungicides and azoxystrobin (as a known QoI fungicide) were obtained in our preliminary work. In this study, the full length of the cytochrome b gene in P. litchii, which has a full len...

Aquatic risk assessments for fungicides are carried out without information on their toxicity to non-target aquatic fungi. This might cause an underestimation of the toxic effects to the aquatic fungal community. This study focuses on the question whether recently derived concentrations limits for fungicides considered to protect populations of primary producers and (in)vertebrates also do prot...

The current study documents the fate of current-use pesticides in an agriculturally-dominated central California coastal estuary by focusing on the occurrence in water, sediment and tissue of resident aquatic organisms. Three fungicides (azoxystrobin, boscalid, and pyraclostrobin), one herbicide (propyzamide) and two organophosphate insecticides (chlorpyrifos and diazinon) were detected frequen...

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen causing a major problem in the export and post-harvest of strawberries. Inappropriate use of fungicides leads to resistance among fungal pathogens. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the sensitivity of B. cinerea to various classes of fungicide and to determine the effectiveness of different concentrations of commonly used fungicides. We thus eval...

This paper evaluates in vivo predictability of a battery of in vitro tests covering developmental toxicity and embryotoxicity of five widely used conazole fungicides. The conazoles were investigated in the embryonic stem cell test, and data were compared to in vivo embryotoxicity data. The same conazoles were evaluated on the basis of data from a battery of cell assays for endocrine activity, i...

This study assessed the effect of disease control agents, fungicides and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (DOG), on a mycotoxin, patulin, production by strains of Penicillium expansum. Fungicides and DOG were added individually to agar on which the fungus was then grown. In an initial screen of six fungicides, three indicated that patulin was stimulated. These were tested further at a range of concentrations ...

esca of grapevine is a serious and injurious disease in grape-growing all over the world, for which no effective control exists. the presented research ,in two separate experiments ,thirteen fungicides (benomyl, thiophanate-methyl thiram, mancozeb, fosetyl-al, metalaxyl mancozeb, caboxin thiram, ortiva, topas, penconazole , tebuconazole ,propiconazole, sodium arsenate, agri-fos ) were evaluated...

The sensitivity of Venturia inaequalis populations to the anilinopyrimidine fungicides pyrimethanil and cyprodinil was analysed by microscopic in vivo analysis of conidiophore formation. The sensitivity to the strobilurin kresoxim-methyl was analysed using an in vitro germination assay and by determination of the diseased leaf area and conidia produced in vivo. Baseline sensitivities were deter...