Abstract In precision agriculture, pesticides and other inputs shall be used precisely when (and where) they are needed. European Directive 2009/128/EC calls for respecting the principles of integrated pest management (IPM) in member states. To clarify question, when, instance, fungicide use is needed, well-established economic principle IPM may used. This says that pests controlled costs contr...

A simulation model (STEMRUST_G, named for stem rust of grasses) was created for stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola) in perennial ryegrass grown to maturity as a seed crop. The model has a daily time step and is driven by weather data and an initial input of disease severity from field observation. Key aspects of plant growth are modeled. Disease severity is modeled as rus...

we study the set of all determinants of adjacency matrices of graphs with a given number of vertices. using brendan mckay's data base of small graphs, determinants of graphs with at most $9$ vertices are computed so that the number of non-isomorphic graphs with given vertices whose determinants are all equal to a number is exhibited in a table. using an idea of m. newman, it is proved that if $...

Objective: This article presents an application of cluster analysis for social sciences researches especially those studies that have an interview as part of their data collection. This application is more suitable for sequential mixed method researchers who use quantitative data to frame subsequent qualitative subsamples for conducting interviews.  Methods: In more detail, the algorithm (i....

objective: this article presents an application of cluster analysis for social sciences researches especially those studies that have an interview as part of their data collection. this application is more suitable for sequential mixed method researchers who use quantitative data to frame subsequent qualitative subsamples for conducting interviews.  methods: in more detail, the algorithm (i.e.,...

Bell pepper is an economically important crop worldwide; however, production is restricted by a number of fungal diseases that cause significant yield loss. Chemical control is the most common approach adopted by growers to manage a number of these diseases. Monitoring for the development to resistance to fungicides in pathogenic fungal populations is central to devising integrated pest managem...

The chemical management of the black leaf streak disease in banana caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis (Morelet) requires numerous applications of fungicides per year. However this has led to fungicide resistance in the field. The present study evaluated the activities of six fungicides against the mycelial growth by determination of EC50 values of strains collected from fields with different fu...

A maximum likelihood approach is described for the analysis of growth increment data derived from tagging experiments. As well as describing mean growth this approach allows the separate estimation of measurement error and growth variability, and uses mixture theory to provide an objective way of dealing with outliers. The method is illustrated using data for Pacific bonito (Sarda chiliensis) a...