Fungicide resistance is a serious problem for agriculture today. This analysis provides additional insight into the strategic behavior of farmers when their fungicide use generates negative intertemporal production externality in form resistance. We find that encounter this type externality, they choose levels exacerbate examine compensation mechanism which farmer reduces exchange transfer. use...

Triazole fungicides are used broadly for the control of infectious diseases of both humans and plants. The surge in resistance to triazoles among pathogenic populations is an emergent issue both in agriculture and medicine. The non-rational use of fungicides with site-specific modes of action, such as the triazoles, may increase the risk of antifungal resistance development. In the medical fiel...

BACKGROUND Metrafenone has been used in Europe in integrated pest management programmes since 2006 to control powdery mildews, including Erysiphe necator. Its exact mode of action is not known, but it is unique among fungicide classes used in powdery mildew management. Recently, resistance to metrafenone was reported in Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici. In this study we investigated metrafenone...

Botrytis cinerea on grapes causes bunch rot at both pre- and postharvest stages, in which losses can reach up to 100%. Chemical control primarily relies the prophylactic use of site-specific fungicides. Repeated applications these products raise risk fungicide resistance development B. populations, result disease failures. To determine extent resistance, isolates were collected from grape clust...