Candidate fuel/coating combinations for an advanced, coated-fuel particle for a gascooled fast reactor (GFR) have been evaluated. These all-ceramic fuel forms consist of a fuel kernel made of UC or UN, surrounded with two shells (a buffer and a coating) made of TiC, SiC, ZrC, TiN, or ZrN. These carbides and nitrides are analyzed with finite element models to determine the stresses produced in t...

in the presented research, heat transfer of a mobile electrolyte alkaline fuel cell (afc) (which the electrolyte has cooling role of system) has been considered. proper control volumes of system with specific qualification have been chosen. consequently, heat and mass transfer in control volumes have been assessed. considerations on them and contributed models lead to approve a double tube heat...

The aim of this study was to determine the kinetic parameters of the oxy-fuel combustion of char from a Brazilian bituminous coal with a high ash content. The char, with a particle diameter of 715 μm, was prepared in a N2 atmosphere at 1173 K. The oxy-fuel combustion assays were performed using a thermobalance at different temperatures and O2/CO2 gas mixtures of different concentrations. Accord...

In this work, a model for the nitrogen chemistry in the oxy-fuel combustion of pulverized coal has been developed. The model is a chemical reaction engineering type of model with a detailed reaction mechanism for the gas-phase chemistry, together with a simplified description of the mixing of flows, heating and devolatilization of particles, and gas solid reactions. The model is validated by co...

Autoignition of binary blends of n-butanol and n-heptane was studied in a rapid compression machine at an equivalence ratio of 0.4 and a compressed pressure of 20 bar with the compressed temperature varying from 700 K to 907 K. Within the temperature range covered in this study, no cool flame or negative temperature coefficient behavior was observed for neat n-butanol. With the presence of n-he...

High-temperature laser target implosions can be achieved by using relatively thin-shell targets, and they can be diagnosed by doping the fuel with krypton and measuring K-shell and L-shell lines. Electron temperatures of up to 5 keV at modest compressed densities (~ 1-5 g/cm3) are predicted for such experiments, with ion temperatures peaking above 10 keV at the center. It is found that the prof...

The air-conditioning (A/C) system compressor load can significantly impact the fuel economy and tailpipe emissions of conventional and hybrid electric automobiles. With the increasing emphasis on fuel economy, it is clear that the A/C compressor load needs to be reduced. In order to accomplish this goal, more efficient climate control delivery systems and reduced peak soak temperatures will be ...

To evaluate the utility potential of pretreated biomass in blast furnaces, the fuel properties, including fuel ratio, ignition temperature, and burnout, of bamboo, oil palm, rice husk, sugarcane bagasse, and Madagascar almond undergoing torrefaction and carbonization in a rotary furnace are analyzed and compared to those of a high-volatile coal and a low-volatile one used in pulverized coal inj...

Current air-conditioning systems can reduce the fuel economy of high fuel-economy vehicles by about 50% and reduce the fuel economy of today’s mid-sized vehicles by more than 20% while increasing NOx by nearly 80% and CO by 70%. Automotive glazing has a significant impact on the peak and steady-state cooling loads of the vehicle. Glazing that reflects the infrared portion of the solar spectrum ...