Optimizing and decreasing the fuel consumption and as a result preserving the national financial resources are so important purposes in the resistive economic which has been becoming so vital during previous years due to the implementation of sanctions against Iran. Using the alternative fuels stemming from municipal waste and using them in the energy industry of cement can be some suitable sol...

This study assessed the potential contributions of improved cookstoves in increasing organic fertilizer availability for application to farmland, greenhouse gas emission mitigation and improvement household finances using Kitchen Performance Test, Controlled Cooking survey focus group discussions. Substitution a three-stone open fire with significantly (p < 0.01) fuel use efficiency by 54% (hig...

For decentralized power generation in West Africa, gas from a small biomass gasification unit can be used as the main fuel dual-fuel engine with diesel pilot fuel. To study combustion this type of (Lister Petter), experiments were conducted surrogate composed liquefied petroleum and nitrogen (LPGN2), energy context which is similar to that syngas. The tests at different loads for substitution r...

This paper analyses the combination of taxes and subsidies as an instrument to enable a reduction in CO2 emission. The objective of the study is to compare recycling of a CO2 tax revenue as a subsidy for biomass use as opposed to traditional recycling such as reduced income or corporate taxation. A model of Denmark's energy supply sector is used to analyse the e€ect of a CO2 tax combined with u...

Substitution of fossil fuels with alternative energy carriers has become necessary due to climate change and fossil fuel shortages. Fermentation as a way of producing biohydrogen, an attractive and environmentally friendly future energy carrier, has captured received increasing attention in recent years because of its high H2 production rate and a variety of readily available waste substrates u...

This study develops a theoretical general equilibrium model to examine optimal externality tax policy in the presence of externalities linked to one another through markets rather than technical production relationships. Analytical results reveal that the second-best externality tax rate may be greater or less than the first-best rate, depending largely on the elasticity of substitution between...

– The rapidly depleting conventional petroleum resources have promoted research for alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Among various possible options, fuels derived from triglycerides (vegetable oils/animal fats) present promising ‘‘greener’’ substitutes for fossil fuels. Vegetable oils, due to their agricultural origin, are able to reduce net CO2 emissions to the atmosphere alo...

Cement manufacturing is a high energy consuming and highly polluting process. Cement producers are trying to reduce the energy and environmental costs by using alternative fuels and raw materials through their research and development. Alkaline environment, high temperature and long processing time allow cement kiln to burn a wide range of waste and hazardous materials. This paper summarizes an...