OBJECTIVES A key indicator of success of HIV prevention programmes is the number of female sex worker (FSW) sex acts protected by condoms. This measure usually relies on FSW reports, which may be biased. We examined condom availability data in five Karnataka districts to estimate the proportion of FSW sex acts potentially protected by condoms. METHODS Financial, programme, population, condom ...

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a joining process where the regulation of some technological parameters, like machining forces and tool velocities, is essential to ensure the required product quality. Therefore industrial robots are often equipped with force sensors in order to have a monitoring of the interaction forces between the rotating tool and the sheets metal. Alternatively a mathematica...

BACKGROUND Despite recognized vulnerability of female sex workers (FSW), most data on this population are focused on their HIV and STI prevalence; studies on their experience of partner violence and psychosocial distress are limited, especially FSW in China. METHODS AND FINDINGS A cross-sectional survey was administered among 1,022 FSW recruited from 9 different types of commercial sex venues...

Objective: The aim of this study conducted in Benin was to compare HIV-1 infected female sex workers (FSW) and patients from the general population (GP) to see whether there was a difference in adherence level, mortality rate and immuno-virologic response to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: Fifty-tree FSW and 318 patients from the GP were recruited and followed for at least one year. We c...

BACKGROUND Female sex workers (FSW) are a vulnerable population for sexual violence and poor sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Sexual violence against FSW has not been widely studied in The Gambia. This study will report the prevalence of and evaluate the health issues correlated with forced sex perpetrated by clients against FSW in The Gambia, and will secondly aim to inform future rese...

AA 6061 has gathered wide acceptance in the fabrication of the light structures required to high strength. Compared to the fusion welding processes that are used for joining structural aluminium alloys, friction stir welding (FSW) process is an emerging solid state joining process in which the material that is being welded does not melt and recast. In this experimental work, an extensive invest...

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a recently developed solid-state joining process that uses a specially shaped rotating tool to produce lap or butt joints. At the National Research Council, an inter-institute collaboration was started in 2007 with the goal of exploiting the NDE expertise and applying it for the characterization of friction stir welds for various industrial applications. In partic...

The aim of this study is to assess the levels of airborne ultrafine particles emitted in welding processes (tungsten inert gas [TIG], metal active gas [MAG] of carbon steel, and friction stir welding [FSW] of aluminum) in terms of deposited area in pulmonary alveolar tract using a nanoparticle surface area monitor (NSAM) analyzer. The obtained results showed the dependence of process parameters...

This article describes work performed on the assessment of the levels of airborne ultrafine particles emitted in two welding processes metal-active gas (MAG) of carbon steel and friction-stir welding (FSW) of aluminium in terms of deposited area in alveolar tract of the lung using a nanoparticle surface area monitor analyser. The obtained results showed the dependence from process parameters on...

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a powerful joining process which is limited by its range of application and processing rate. Here the range of application is extended to small-diameter butted pipe sections and high processing rates are applied for increased productivity in manufacturing. Full penetration friction stir welds are performed on butted sections of aluminium alloy 6061-T6 pipe. These ...