chronic hyperglycemia, and glucose participates in diabetic complications such as atherosclerosis, cardiac dysfunction, and nephropathy. Chronic hyperglycemia accelerates activation of the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), oxidative stress, the polyol pathway, and protein kinase C pathway. These metabolic factors are synergistically correlated with one another; therefore, an ...

Xuan-Ju agent is an herbal formula containing aqueous extract of Formica fusca, Herba epimedii, Fructus cnidii, and Fructus lycii, all of which are reputed for their beneficial effects in the treatment of the immunodeficient diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. We performed a study on the anti-inflammatory effects of this agent using carrageenan- and adjuvant-induced paw edema in rats. Xuan-J...

Avian influenza H5N1 and pandemic (H1N1) 2009 viruses are known to induce viral pneumonia and subsequent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). The mortality rate of ARDS/DAD is extremely high, at approximately 60%, and no effective treatment for ARDS/DAD has been established. We examined serial pathological changes in the lungs of mice infected with infl...

Kao et al. have reported in Critical Care the histological findings of 101 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) undergoing open lung biopsy. Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), the histological hallmark of ARDS, was present in only 56.4% of cases. The presence of DAD was associated with higher mortality. Evidence from this and other studies indicates that the clinical criteria fo...

Formins induce the nucleation and polymerisation of unbranched actin filaments via the formin-homology domains 1 and 2. Diaphanous-related formins (Drfs) are regulated by a RhoGTPase-binding domain situated in the amino-terminal (N-terminal) region and a carboxy-terminal Diaphanous-autoregulatory domain (DAD), whose interaction stabilises an autoinhibited inactive conformation. Binding of activ...

It has become obvious that several interstitial lung diseases, and even viral lung infections, can progress rapidly, and exhibit similar features in their lung morphology. The final histopathological feature, common in these lung disorders, is diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). The histopathology of DAD is considered to represent end stage phenomenon in acutely behaving interstitial pneumonias, suc...

GC-FID and HPLC-DAD were developed for determination of menadione (MN) and menadione sodium bisulphite (MSB). By means of each method, quantitative analysis of MSB in commercial pharmaceutical was performed in both direct analysis of MSB and analysis of MN by converting MSB to MN with sodium carbonate. GC-FID method was carried out on the HP-5 capillary column using nitrogen gas. HPLC-DAD metho...

GC-FID and HPLC-DAD were developed for determination of menadione (MN) and menadione sodium bisulphite (MSB). By means of each method, quantitative analysis of MSB in commercial pharmaceutical was performed in both direct analysis of MSB and analysis of MN by converting MSB to MN with sodium carbonate. GC-FID method was carried out on the HP-5 capillary column using nitrogen gas. HPLC-DAD metho...

Governmental systems and administrative organizations in Iran have been always in change throughout history. A position which was necessary in some centuries and was counted as an important governmental position was “Amirdadi”. The person who held this post was called Amir-e dad or Mirdad. Lexicographers have mentioned several different tasks for Amir-e dad. Some believe they are th...

We used standard microelectrode techniques to record delayed afterdepolarizations (DAD) induced by ouabain (2 x 1 0 7 M) in isolated canine Purkinje fibers (PF) and studied the response of DAD to the fast Na* channel blocker, tetrodotoxin (TTX, 1 mg/liter); the slow channel blocker, verapamil (verap, 1 mg/liter); the putative Ca blocker, AHR-2666 (AHR, 45 mg/liter); and lidocaine (lido, 4 mg/li...