BACKGROUND The fertility experience in Iran suggests that the family planning programs had an effective role in the fertility reduction. This study aimed to specify patterns of marriage in Iran and especially in a northern city of Iran and to investigate the association between patterns of marriage and contraceptive use before first pregnancy and current contraceptive use. METHODS In this cro...

In gender-focused discussions of alcohol and other drug use and problems, the emphasis has usually been on the individual male or female or on the genders as aggregates of individuals. But most drinking and much drug use have strong social and interactional elements, where gender roles and often gendered interactions come into play. Drawing on the existing literature, opportunities for research...

Although many individuals report being friends with their ex-romantic partners (Wilmot, Carbaugh, & Baxter, 1985), the literature regarding post-romantic friendships is very limited. We investigated whether satisfaction in the dissolved romantic relationship could predict post-romantic friendships and friendship maintenance. We found that the more satisfied individuals were during the dissolved...

Abstract Many studies have established that married people lower rates of smoking than singles and cohabiters. However, there is still limited research showing whether this advantage also applies specifically to cohabiters before marriage. Hence, study examines the association between cigarette marijuana transition marriage among in USA. This employs data from seventeen waves National Longitudi...

A study was conducted to identify the most applicable area for youth to utilize the Personal Decision Aid (PDA). There are eight areas of decision making namely study, career, lifestyle, purchasing, friendship, politic, religion and marriage have been explored in this study. An online survey gathered from 80 respondents, age 18 to 24 years old to participate in the study. The main objectives of...

In many traditional societies, women's age at marriage acts simultaneously as a gateway to new family roles and the likelihood of producing offspring. However, inadequate attention has previously been given to the broader health and social implications of variability in women's marriage age for public health. Biomedical scientists have primarily been concerned with whether the onset of reproduc...

Given a graph F , a graph G is uniquely F -saturated if F is not a subgraph of G and adding any edge of the complement to G completes exactly one copy of F . In this paper we study uniquely Ct-saturated graphs. We prove the following: (1) a graph is uniquely C5-saturated if and only if it is a friendship graph. (2) There are no uniquely C6-saturated graphs or uniquely C7-saturated graphs. (3) F...

The friendship paradox is a sociological phenomenon stating that most people have fewer friends than their friends do. The generalized friendship paradox refers to the same observation for attributes other than degree, and it has been observed in Twitter and scientific collaboration networks. This paper takes an analytical approach to model this phenomenon. We consider a preferential attachment...