The cross-coupling reaction between phenylboronic acid and various types of aryl halides (Suzuki reaction) was carried out using a catalytic amount of a new palladium catalyst (1-benzyl-3-(1-benzyl-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium-2-yl) pyridin-1-ium palladium chloride [DBNT][PdCl4]) in poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG-200) in the presence of KOH as the base. This new catalyst was synthesized and...

particulate matters commonly found dispersed in the atmosphere are composed of a large variety of substances. dustfall is the usual index of particles in the size range greater than 10 m. two semi automated so2 sampling units were installed in tehran university campus (from 21 january 1973 to 22 dec. 1974) and gheitarieh area (from 23 august to 23 oct. 1974) hydrogen peroxide method was used fo...

the purpose of current article is to study the effect of sense of place on creating the urban identity in new cities. in order to fulfill the mentioned purpose, the key concepts of research and the theories related to the issue were studied. according to it, in order to collect the data, library method and note taking tool were used. the studies indicated the presence of human in the environmen...

Atmosphere Earth is enveloped by a vast amount of air called the atmosphere. It is relative thin compared to the size of the earth and fades away with increasing distance from the earth's surface. The earth's atmosphere is categorized into 4 layers troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere. Troposphere where all the weather takes place and stratosphere, the two closest layers to ea...

The administration and storage of environmental characteristic spectral data are highly relevant in many fields of environmental study, such as measurement of trace gases in the atmosphere and air quality estimation. For this reason, a web-accessible database has been developed, offering ready access to the main parameters of molecular absorption spectral data. Web-based and friendly interfaces...

The Conference was, ·at this time, a peculiarly appropriate one. It met at a stage in which many of our ideas about the disease are in the melting pot. It represented the resumption, after the preoccupations of a world war, of international linkage against leprosy. In its friendly atmosphere and well-planned arr!l.llgements it achieved a number of significant contributions both to mutual unders...

let g=(v,e) be a simple graph. an edge labeling f:e to {0,1} induces a vertex labeling f^+:v to z_2 defined by $f^+(v)equiv sumlimits_{uvin e} f(uv)pmod{2}$ for each $v in v$, where z_2={0,1} is the additive group of order 2. for $iin{0,1}$, let e_f(i)=|f^{-1}(i)| and v_f(i)=|(f^+)^{-1}(i)|. a labeling f is called edge-friendly if $|e_f(1)-e_f(0)|le 1$. i_f(g)=v_f(1)-v_f(0) is called the edge-f...

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