Osmolality and circulating levels of estradiol-17P, thyroxine, androgens, progesterone, and sodium are measured concomitantly with determination of oocyte maturation in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during the spawning season. Male and female salmon are held in both fresh water (their natural environment) and seawater (an unnatural environment) throughout the season. During the early stage...

Fresh-water teleosts, whose blood is hypertonic to the external medium (about 330 m-osmoles/kg. vs. a few m-osmoles/kg.), face the problem of osmotic entry of water and loss of electrolytes, while sea-water teleosts live in an environment (1150 m-osmoles/kg.) which induces osmotic loss of water and a diffusional influx of electrolytes. Many data are available on the electrolyte balance of fish ...

The Mediterranean, northeastern Atlantic, and inland freshwaters of Europe and the Ponto-Caspian region host a distinct fauna of gobiiform fishes, including the sand gobies (Pomatoschistus Gill and related genera), all of which have been classified in the most diverse goby group, the family Gobiidae. Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses have suggested that the sand gobies are not gobiids, and...

A Gallionella sp. is described that lives and freely multiplies in sea water. The habitat of the organism has been thoroughly investigated and the possibility of accidental occurrence has been eliminated. The appearance of the Gallionella sp. described is quite different from the similar iron bacteria occurring in fresh water.

Pacific Water (PW) enters the Arctic Ocean through Bering Strait and brings in heat, fresh water, and nutrients from the northern Bering Sea. The circulation of PW in the central Arctic Ocean is only partially understood due to the lack of observations. In this paper, pathways of PW are investigated using simulations with six state-of-the art regional and global Ocean General Circulation Models...

This manuscript examines the geological and land use controls on the concentrations of nutrients in freshwaters in three contrasting study catchments in north-western France. The manuscript draws on a 5-year water quality monitoring data set in both base flow and storm flow conditions, collected between April 1996 and August 2000. The paper is well structured and clearly written, however, I’m c...

1. The relation of temperature to the pedal rhythm of Balanus balanoides L. has been studied under otherwise constant conditions. 2. The frequency of movement increases with temperature, showing three groups of thermal increments and three critical temperatures. Five animals yielded micro = 5,700 above 14.5 degrees C. and 12,100 below; 3 gave micro = 7,800 above 9.3 degrees and 22,500 below; wh...

Tintinnids are very common in all marine water and even fresh water. The oldest fossils of Tintinnids are not only appeared in Neoproterozoic Era, but also in Mesoproterozoic Calymmian. Eight species of six genera Tintinnids of Mesoproterozoic Calymmian, from Huangmailing Phosphoric Ore in Hubei Province of Central China, are illustrated in this paper. They are the oldest ancestor of Tintinnids...

The economic and environmental viability of dedicated terrestrial energy crops is in doubt. The production of large scale biomass (macroalgae) for biofuels in the marine environment was first tested in the late 1960's. The culture attempts failed due to the engineering challenges of farming offshore. However the energy conversion via anaerobic digestion was successful as the biochemical composi...

Although the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been used in a wide variety of industrial applications in the U. S. from 1930 until 1970, when their distribution was voluntarily restricted to closed systems, there is scant information on human exposure to adverse human health effects in the U. S. In the U. S., minimal human exposure of the population to PCBs is limited to food, air, and wate...