BACKGROUND The purpose of the present study was to analyse potential changes in performance of elite breaststroke swimmers competing at national and international level and to compare to elite freestyle swimming performance. METHODS Temporal trends in performance of elite breaststroke swimmers were analysed from records of the Swiss Swimming Federation and the FINA (Fédération Internationale ...

The aims of the present study were to investigate the changes in the age and in swimming performance of finalists in World Championships (1994-2013) and Olympic Games (1992-2012) competing in all events/races (stroke and distance). Data of 3,295 performances from 1,615 women and 1,680 men were analysed using correlation analyses and magnitudes of effect sizes. In the World Championships, the ag...

BACKGROUND Data on indirect catastrophic injuries in wrestling are scarce. OBJECTIVES To develop a profile of indirect catastrophic injuries in international styles of wrestling and to describe possible risk factors. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS Indirect catastrophic injuries that occurred in wrestling clubs in Iran from July 1998 to June 2005 were...

The Medtronic freestyle aortic root bioprosthesis (Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) is a stentless valve with an effective orifice area that is larger than that observed on other bioprostheses. However, there have been sporadic reports of structural valve deterioration (SVD), such as aortic root wall rupture, leaflet tearing, and pseudoaneurysm formation. We report five cases of SVD of fr...

BACKGROUND Structural valve deterioration is the major cause of bioprosthetic valve failure. Because of the unique design features and anti-calcification treatment of the Freestyle (Medtronic Inc, Minneapolis, Minn) stentless bioprosthesis, development of structural valve deterioration may differ in comparison with other bioprosthetic valves. This study evaluates the mechanisms and clinical pre...

Ritual fights are widespread across human populations. However, the evolutionary advantage associated with this behaviour is unclear because these fights rarely provide direct benefits such as territory, resources or mates. Here, the reproductive success of men competing in a traditional ritual fight, Sereer wrestling, was investigated for the first time. Involvement in wrestling had a signific...

CONTEXT Unhealthy weight loss practices continue to plague amateur wrestling. The National Collegiate Athletic Association weight loss guidelines are beneficial but have not solved the problem. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION All relevant databases through 2008 were searched using PubMed. The references of relevant articles were then searched for additional publications. STUDY TYPE Clinical review. ...

OBJECTIVES To describe a community outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and to investigate risk factors for MRSA transmission and infection in a wrestling team. DESIGN Case series and retrospective cohort study. SETTING A high school wrestling team and the surrounding community in southern Vermont, 1993 to 1994. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS The case series incl...