While Bourdieu’s theory of practice provides an ensemble of conceptual tools which analyze patterns of social life that are irreducible to the limiting view of individuals as free-acting agents, Genette’s paratextual theory offers the metalanguage necessary to account for the microcosm of paratext as a linguistic space. This study takes issue with unidirectional approaches to researching parate...

In hierarchical phrase-based translation systems, the grammars (SCFG rules) have over-generation problem because we can replace the non-terminalX with almost everything without knowing the syntactic or semantic role ofX . In this paper, we present an approach that uses topic models to learn the distributions for non-terminals in each SCFG rule, based on which we further derive static features f...

Hierarchical phrase-based machine translation can capture global reordering with synchronous context-free grammar, but has little ability to evaluate the correctness of word orderings during decoding. We propose a method to integrate word-based reordering model into hierarchical phrasebased machine translation to overcome this weakness. Our approach extends the synchronous context-free grammar ...

Free and membrane-bound polyribosomes were separated from liver homogenates and characterized by electron microscopy. Using the wheat germ cell-free translation system, total translation products of poly A+RNA extracted from free polyribosomes (poly A+RNAf) showed some correlation to total liver cytosol proteins. In contrast, translation products of poly A+RNA from membrane-bound polyribosomes ...

In this paper, we propose a paraphrasing model to address the task of system combination for machine translation. We dynamically learn hierarchical paraphrases from target hypotheses and form a synchronous context-free grammar to guide a series of transformations of target hypotheses into fused translations. The model is able to exploit phrasal and structural system-weighted consensus and also ...

We propose several improvements to the hierarchical phrase-based MT model of Chiang (2005) and its syntax-based extension by Zollmann and Venugopal (2006). We add a source-span variance model that, for each rule utilized in a probabilistic synchronous context-free grammar (PSCFG) derivation, gives a confidence estimate in the rule based on the number of source words spanned by the rule and its ...

In this work we propose methods to label probabilistic synchronous context-free grammar (PSCFG) rules using only word tags, generated by either part-of-speech analysis or unsupervised word class induction. The proposals range from simple tag-combination schemes to a phrase clustering model that can incorporate an arbitrary number of features. Our models improve translation quality over the sing...

Recently, the use of syntax has very effectively improved machine translation (MT) quality in many text translation tasks. However, using syntax in speech translation poses additional challenges because of disfluencies and other spoken language phenomena, and of errors introduced by automatic speech recognition (ASR). In this paper, we investigate the effect of using syntax in a large-scale aud...

We propose a version of Inversion Transduction Grammar (ITG) model with IBM-style notation of fertility to improve word-alignment performance. In our approach, binary context-free grammar rules of the source language, accompanied by orientation preferences of the target language and fertilities of words, are leveraged to construct a syntax-based statistical translation model. Our model, inheren...