There is a concern that antioxidants might reduce oxidizing free radicals created by radiotherapy and some forms of chemotherapy, and thereby decrease the effectiveness of the therapy. The question has arisen whether concurrent administration of oral antioxidants is contraindicated during cancer therapeutics. Evidence reviewed here demonstrates exogenous antioxidants alone produce beneficial ef...

There have been a number of approaches to the modeling of grain boundaries, all of which have limitations and advantages. Of particular interest are phase field models, which have gained popularity as their ability to compute realistic microstructures has been demonstrated. For an overview of this approach, the reader is recommended some of the review articles on this topic. [1] A basic model o...

Electron irradiation of solids produces a backemission of secondary electrons (energies between 0 and 50 eV) and re ected primaries (energies between 50 eV and that of the incident beam). For insulators, it is shown that an externally applied positive electric eld penetrating into the solid material, energizes electrons generated by the primary irradiation and enables them to travel back to the...

Methods of controlling molecular rotations using linearly polarized femtosecond and picosecond pulses are considered and analyzed theoretically. These laser pulses, typically in the infrared, are highly non-resonant with respect to the electronic degrees of freedom of the molecules and have intensities of ∼ 10 to 10 W/cm. It is shown how these laser pulses can force small linear molecules to al...

We theoretically study the field-free molecular orientation by a multicolor laser field with a superposition of the fundamental wave and its harmonics. It is shown that the molecular orientation will be up to a maximum value pumped by the four-color laser field at the same laser intensity, and the molecular orientation direction and its degree can be controlled by varying the carrier-envelope p...