The integrated-FEL concept is proposed as an alternative approach for the discrete compact-FELs [1]. In the proposed integrated-FEL, the accelerator and the wiggler are integrated for the sake of compaction. Two examples of integrated-FEL schemes are presented here briefly in order to demonstrate the FEL-integration concept: a) A functional integration scheme is shown in fig. 1. Two electron be...

We present a comprehensive relativistic quantum-mechanical theory for interaction of free electron with bound in model, where the is represented as finite-size quantum wave packet (QEW) and modeled by two-level system (TLS). The analysis reveals wave-particle duality nature QEW, delineating point-particle-like wavelike regimes manifesting physical reality function dimensions when interacting ma...

In this study, reactions of the simple cycloalkynes with substituted Nitrile Oxides, by DFT method will be discussed. The investigation of the structural properties, theoretical thermodynamic and kinetic data, i.e., the activation free energies(DG*), the free energies changes of reaction(DrG) and rate constants of the reactions (k) in 298 K and effects of Electron-withdrawing and...