chinensis at different scales Yanjie Liu, Yan Li, Lirong Zhang, Xingliang Xu & Haishan Niu College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19-A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universit€atsstrasse 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany Key Laboratory and Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of G...

The static asset protection problem (SAP) in a road network is that of allocating resources to protect vertices, given any possible behavior by an adversary determined to attack those assets. The dynamic asset protection (DAP) problem is a version of SAP where the asset is following a fixed and widely known route (e.g., a parade route) and needs to be protected. We formalize what it means for a...

objectives this study aimed to measure road traffic fatality rates and years of lost life, and also to depict a view of trends in road traffic deaths from 2004 to 2010 in yazd city, a province in central iran. materials and methods this retrospective case study analyzed road traffic deaths that were classified under the v01 - v99 codes of the icd-10 in yazd province from march 2004 to march 201...

Previous research has shown that forest roads are an important feature in many landscapes and have significant effects on wildfire ignition and cessation. However, forest road effects on burn severity have not been studied at the landscape level. Therefore, the overarching goal of our study is to identify the influences of road edge effects on the spatial patterns of burn severity. We analyzed ...

During times of extreme storm events, access to rural areas involves bi-directional flow: (1) Evacuation of able-bodied individuals from affected areas and (2) Access to the affected areas by emergency and rescue personnel. Impediments to ready access to the affected areas vary from those associated with pre-storm such as road congestion/accidents and pristine road surface deterioration, to mid...

Habitat fragmentation is an issue of primary concern in conservation biology. However. both the concepts of habitat and fragmentation are ill-defined and often misused. We review the habitat concept and examine differences between habitat fragmentation and habitat heterogeneity, and we suggest that habitat fragmentation is both a state (or outcome) and a process. In addition, we attempt to dist...

Habitat fragmentation is widespread across ecosystems, detrimentally affecting biodiversity. Although most habitat fragmentation studies have been conducted on macroscopic organisms, microbial communities and fungal processes may also be threatened by fragmentation. This study investigated whether fragmentation, and the effects of fragmentation on plants, altered fungal diversity and function w...