When constructing flood protection structures such as river levees, oftentimes due to various factors engineers must design composite structures, i.e., reinforced earthen which comply with all the stability criteria. The most common way of reinforcing is usage geosynthetics, or mostly geogrids when talking about stability. Since geosynthetics are man-made materials produced in a controlled envi...

Abstract Fragility curves are the primary way of assessing seismic risk for a building with numerous studies focused on deriving these fragility and how to account inherent uncertainty in assessment. This study focuses three-story steel moment frame structure performs assessment using new approach called SPO2FRAG (Static Pushover Fragility) that is based pushover analysis. further compared cont...

The main aim of the present study is to optimize steel moment frames in the framework of performance-based design and to assess the seismic collapse capacity of the optimal structures. In the first phase of this study, four well-known metaheuristic algorithms are employed to achieve the optimization task. In the second phase, the seismic collapse safety of the obtained optimal designs is evalua...

The fuzzy logic concept provides a natural way of dealing with problems in which the source of imprecision is an absence of sharply defined criteria rather than the presence of random variables. The fuzzy approach considers cases where uncertainties play a role in the control mechanism of the concerned phenomena. Fuzzy modeling includes fuzzification, fuzzy analysis and defuzzification. In this...

The concept of seismic resilience needs a quantitative evaluation. The evaluation suggested in this paper is based on nondimensional analytical functions related to variations of losses within a specified “recovery period”. The resilience refers to both direct and indirect losses. The path to recovery usually depends on available resources and may take different shapes, which can be estimated b...

Chloramphenicol (D-threo-2-dichloroacetamido-1-p-nitrophenylpropane-1,3-diol) added to blood samples did not alter the observed shift in the red cell osmotic fragility curves as the samples were aged in vitro for 24 hours at 37 degrees C. Nor was the normal rate of loss of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, ATP, or glutathione from the red cells affected by the presence of chloramphenicol over the same pe...

past earthquakes have demonstrated that old rc bridges may be seismically vulnerable. bridge responses during the last decades illustrated the necessity of the seismic assessment of bridges especially those which were designed with old codes. in this research an existing concrete bridge representative of the most common bridges in the highway system in iran are studied. push over and nonlinear ...

In seismic risk mitigation policies, fragility functions of existing buildings play a fundamental role. In this paper, a procedure to develop analytical fragility curves for Moment Resisting Frame Reinforced Concrete buildings is presented. The design of the selected building typologies was performed according to the codes at the time of construction using force-based methods and the state of t...

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals, one of the lifeline facilities, need to be protected by a proper seismic design against extreme earthquakes. An LNG terminal consists of a series of process facilities that are connected by pipelines of various sizes. Boil-off gas (BOG) compressor is one of the critical process facilities whose failure will cause the functional failure of the LNG terminal....

As the use for regional seismic risk assessment increases, the need for reliable fragility curves for portfolios or classes of structures becomes more important. Fragility curves for portfolios of structures have the added complexity of having to deal with the uncertainty in geometric properties, along with the typical uncertainties such as material or component response parameters. Analysts ar...