The recognition of anterior or posterior displacement of the fourth ventricle on axial computed tomography (CT) has proven to be difficult because the apparent position of this structure is variable and dependent on scanning angle. In most cases direct visualization of a lesion and its relationship to normal anatomic structures allows for the correct assessment. However, in some instances it wo...

SSI-4: Stuttering Severity Instrument – Fourth Edition is a reliable and valid norm-referenced stuttering assessment that can be used for both clinical and search purposes. It measures stuttering severity in both children and adults in the four areas of speech behavior: (1) frequency, (2) duration, (3) physical concomitants, and (4) naturalness of the individual’s speech. Frequency is expressed...

A 54-year-old female presented with a cryptic arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle causing intraventricular hemorrhage. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging disclosed the lesion near the fourth ventricle, but bilateral vertebral angiograms showed no abnormalities. The preoperative diagnosis was cavernous angioma. The mass was removed compl...

Xanthogranulomas of the choroid plexus are discovered incidentally on autopsy in 1.6 to 7% of cases, and are typically found in the lateral ventricles. Very rarely, however, they can become symptomatic because of obstruction of the ventricular system, and these tend to be found in the third ventricle. There has only been one published case of fourth ventricle choroid plexus xanthogranuloma. We ...

BACKGROUND The median aperture of Magendie is the largest of three openings of the fourth ventricle and thus it forms the main path for the outflow of the cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricle. The Magendie aperture connects the fourth ventricle with the cisterna magna and makes a natural corridor for neurosurgical approach and inspection of the ventricle and its floor. The purpose of this stu...

We report a young girl who presented with headache and back pain. Dynamic MRI revealed no cerebrospinal egress from the median aperture (Foramen of Magendie) of the fourth ventricle and syringomyelia. A posterior cranial fossa exploration was performed and agenesis of the median aperture was observed. Following surgical penetration of the posterior aspect of the fourth ventricle and at the most...

Zanxiang Nie 1,2,*, Xi Xiao 1,*, Pritesh Hiralal 3, Xuanrui Huang 1, Richard McMahon 4, Min Zhang 5 and Weijia Yuan 5 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; [email protected] 2 Zinergy Shenzhen Ltd., Taohuayuan Science and Technology Innovation Park, Baoan, Shenzhen 518101, China 3 Zinergy UK Ltd., Future Businesss Centre, Cambridge CB4 2HY, UK; prite...

Christopher F. H. Nam, John A. D. Aston, Idris A. Eckley, Rebecca Killick Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK Statistical Laboratory, DPMMS, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0WB, UK Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YF, UK {c.f.h.nam | j.a.d.aston }@warwick.ac.uk {i.eckley | r.killick }@lancaster.ac.uk Fe...

Facial pruritus associated with spinal opiate analgesia in man is thought to result either from release of histamine or from imbalance of sensory modulation secondary to spread of opiate to the medulla or fourth ventricle. There is another possibility: the sensory imbalance may be secondary to rostral spread of opiate effect by nervous transmission. Evidence is adduced in support of possible an...

We describe a case of progressive syringomyelia following post-infectious trapped fourth ventricle (TFV), which resolved after shunting of the fourth ventricle. A 28-year-old female who had previously undergone treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage and meningitis developed a hydrocephalus with TFV. After 3 years she developed disturbance of walking and coordination. Cranial-CT revealed an enlar...