There is growing evidence that the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) and its sister molecule epinephrine (EPI) (adrenaline) affect some types of cancer. Several recent epidemiological studies have shown that chronic use of beta blocking drugs (which antagonize NE/EPI receptors) results in lower recurrence, progression, or mortality of breast cancer and malignant melanoma. Preclinical studies...

Okadaic acid (1) (OA) and its congeners are mainly responsible for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) syndrome. The presence of several OA derivatives have already been confirmed in Prorocentrum and Dinophysis spp. In this paper, we report on the detection and identification of a new DSP toxin, the OA isomer 19-epi-okadaic acid (2) (19-epi-OA), isolated from cultures of Prorocentrum belizeanu...

BACKGROUND Sequential low-dose chemotherapy has received great attention for its unique advantages in attenuating multidrug resistance of tumor cells. Nevertheless, it runs the risk of producing new problems associated with the accelerated blood clearance phenomenon, especially with multiple injections of PEGylated liposomes. METHODS Liposomes were labeled with fluorescent phospholipids of 1,...

BACKGROUND In order to understand the cross-resistance between epirubicin (EPI) and mitoxantrone (MIT), EPI- and MIT-resistant cells were established and their cross-resistance was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The degrees of growth inhibition of EPI-resistant HLE-EPI cells and MIT-resistant HLE-MIT cells by anticancer drugs were measured. The mRNA expressions of multidrug resistance prote...

PURPOSE To assess the feasibility of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) using simultaneous multislice (SMS) acquisition with blipped controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (CAIPI) for accelerated readout-segmented echo planar imaging (rs-EPI) of the mandibular nerves. DTI of the mandibular nerves using EPI is challenging due to susceptibility artifacts. Rs-EPI is less prone to artifacts but associ...

BACKGROUND Severe preamputation pain is associated with phantom limb pain (PLP) development in limb amputees. We investigated whether optimized perioperative analgesia reduces PLP at 6-month follow-up. METHODS A total of 65 patients underwent lower-limb amputation and were assigned to five analgesic regimens: (1) Epi/Epi/Epi patients received perioperative epidural analgesia and epidural anes...

BACKGROUND The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation for estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR(CKD-EPI)) improves GFR estimation compared with the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation (eGFR(MDRD)) but its association with mortality in a nationally representative population sample in the US has not been studied. METHODS We examined the association ...

Electrotransfer of plasmid DNA into skeletal muscle is a common non-viral delivery system for the study of gene function and for gene therapy. However, the effects of epinecidin-1 (epi) on bacterial growth and immune system modulation following its electrotransfer into the muscle of grouper (Epinephelus coioides), a marine fish species, have not been addressed. In this study, pCMV-gfp-epi plasm...

introduction the extended program of immunization (epi) in iran is started in 1984, and it played an important and effective role in controlling many infectious diseases in community. the objective of this study was to determine the time trends of vaccination coverage by the type of vaccine among children, in the age group of 0-24 months, in iran from the beginning of epi (1984) to 2013. materi...