Research related to colonialism and post colonialism shows how the identities of indigenous people were constructed and how these identities are reconstructed in our contemporary world. The thrust of this paper is that colonialism brought a shift in the linguistic structure of Ghana with the introduction of the use of English among Ghanaians. The coexistence of both Ghanaian languages and Engli...

As is known, metalanguage is a language by means of which another language is described. The latter is called object-language. One and the same language may play the role of object-language and metalanguage. For example, the Russian language taken as an object of linguistic description is an object-language, the Russian language used for a linguistic description of Russian is a metalanguage. Th...

the mental association and the innovation of lingual and artistic relations on two syntagmatic and paradigmatic axis results in collocation in a literary speech. in the ordinary and formal language collocation is the necessary condition for a speech to be considered meaningful and coherent, but in literary language, there is a variety of aesthetic creativities and innovations that leads to the ...

in recent years, formal methods have been used as an important tool forperformance evaluation and verification of a wide range of systems. in the viewpoints of engineers and practitioners, however, there are still some major difficultiesin using formal methods. in this paper, we introduce a new formal modelinglanguage to fill the gaps between object-oriented programming languages (oopls)used by...

Regular expressions are a convenient and simple notation for expressing the members of a regular language. This simplicity enables regular expressions to serve as models of more complex context-free programming languages. To examine techniques in teaching programming, we exposed first year students with no knowledge of regular expressions to two tasks. The tasks asked participants to identify o...

Research is reviewed that addresses itself to human language learning by developing precise, mechanistic models that are capable in principle of acquiring languages on the basis of exposure to linguistic data. Such research includes theorems on language learnability from mathematical linguistics, computer models of language acquisition from cognitive simulation and artificial intelligence, and ...

A composition language based on a formal semantic foundation will facilitate precise specification of glue abstractions and compositions, and will support reasoning about their behaviour. The semantic foundation, however, must address a set of requirements like encapsulation, objects as processes, components as abstractions, plug compatibility, a formal object model, and scalability. In this wo...