introduction: celastrus paniculatus seed oil, commonly known as malkangni or jyotishmati, was in use from time immemorial to treat brain related disorders. celastrus paniculatus seed oil has significant antidepressant-like activity in chronic unpredictable stressed mice. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of celastrus paniculatus seed oil in unstressed m...

Chronic administration of the tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine to neonatal rats from postnatal days 8 to 21 is reported to induce several behavioral changes in adult life, and it may serve as an animal model of human depressive disorder. Findings include increased immobility time in the forced swim test and locomotor hyperactivity in the open field test. Clomipramine is a serotonergic reup...

Stress and chronic pain have been shown to prevent the development of tolerance to morphine analgesia, which appears to be related to neuroendocrine activity and alternation in neurochemicals. Also the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in tolerance to morphine analgesia. In our pervious study, we showed that co-administration of swim stress (ss) with chronic morphine, prevent...

BACKGROUND VGF (nonacryonimic) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT (also known as protein kinase B, PKB)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling play pivotal roles in depression. However, whether phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mTOR signaling-mediated VGF participates in rapid-acting antidepressant-like actions of GLYX-13 is unclear. METHODS Herein, we evaluated the effects ...

Primate and rodent models of maternal separation have shown that repeated postnatal separation of young from the mother results in long-term changes to neurohormonal systems relevant to depression. To date, however, it remains unclear whether rodents that experience postnatal maternal separation display specific behavioural or biochemical features of depression in adulthood and whether these ch...

BACKGROUND In the present study, antidepressant-like activity of palmatine was evaluated in unstressed and stressed young male Swiss albino mice. METHODS The animals were subjected to unpredictable mild stress daily for 21 successive days to induce depression-like behavior. Palmatine (0.25, 0.5, 1 mg/kg, ip) was administered for 21 successive days to unstressed and stressed mice. The antidepr...