A sheet-type shear force sensor and a measurement system for the sensor were developed. The sensor has an original structure where a liquid electrolyte is filled in a space composed of two electrode-patterned polymer films and an elastic rubber ring. When a shear force is applied on the surface of the sensor, the two electrode-patterned films mutually move so that the distance between the inter...

The ability to measure pressure and force is essential in biomedical applications such as minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and palpation for detecting cancer cysts. Here, we report a force sensor for measuring a shear and normal force by combining an arrayed piezoelectric sensors layer with a precut glass top plate connected by four stress concentrating legs. We designed and fabricated a thin f...

This paper describes an electrostatic excited microcantilever sensor operating in static mode that is more sensitive than traditional microcantilevers. The proposed sensor comprises a simple microcantilever with electrostatic excitation ability and an optical or piezoresistive detector. Initially the microcantilever is excited by electrostatic force to near pull-in voltage. The nonlinear behavi...

In this paper we present a new sensor for the measurement of intraocular pressure. We have applied the indentation principle, in which the eye is indented by exerting a force on it, while the size of the indented area is monitored. To measure the force we have used a commercial force sensor. The sensor to measure the indentation of the eye has been developed in our laboratories. We have perform...

A sensor has been developed which allows measurement of the force exerted by the bow on the string (bow force) during violin performance. The bow force is deduced from measurement of the transversal force at the termination of the bow hair at the frog. The principle is illustrated with an experiment that demonstrates how the bending of the stick and variations in bow hair tension influence the ...

In this paper, a beam-membrane (BM) sensor for measuring friction torque in micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) gas bearings is presented. The proposed sensor measures the force-arm-transformed force using a detecting probe and the piezoresistive effect. This solution incorporates a membrane into a conventional four-beam structure to meet the range requirements for the measurement of both th...

This paper presents a micrograting-based force sensor integrated with a surface micromachined silicon-nitride probe suitable for characterizing microsurgery force on a single cell or embryo. The probe is supported by springs of a known spring constant, and the surgical penetration force is determined from displacement measurements. The opticalencoder force sensor exhibits conŽgurable sensitivit...

This Paper describes the generalised structure of Force-Sensor-less Power assist control (FSPAC) which is an essential technology to design a feedback control system in a human friendly way. Paper clarifies regarding generalised structure of Force-Sensor-less power assist control using two force observer. The Force, which is used to assist the control system is estimated by using encoders inste...