This study examined the effect of visual feedback and force level on the neural mechanisms responsible for the performance of a motor task. We used a voxel-wise fMRI approach to determine the effect of visual feedback (with and without) during a grip force task at 35% and 70% of maximum voluntary contraction. Two areas (contralateral rostral premotor cortex and putamen) displayed an interaction...

I n addition to labor force and capital, energy plays a significant role in the production of commodities and services. Energy is the driving force of production activities. Therefore, it is an essential ingredient of growth and development. Results obtained from this paper show that the growth of oil products consumption has a positive effect on economic development via two channels: Firstly,...

Oscillations in force output change in specific frequency bins and have important implications for understanding aging and pathological motor control. Although previous studies have demonstrated that oscillations from 0-1 Hz can be influenced by aging and visuomotor processing, these studies have averaged power within this bandwidth and not examined power in specific frequencies below 1 Hz. The...

This study investigates the effect of force-feedback in computer-mediated communication. Participants completed a screen-based maze task with an alleged remote participant in a 2 (task characteristics: cooperative vs. competitive) by 2 (modality: haptic/force-feedback vs. visual) balanced, between-participants experiment. There were a number of cross-over interactions. In the competitive task, ...

Cutaneous sensory feedback can be used to provide additional sensory cues to a person performing a motor task where vision is a dominant feedback signal. A haptic joystick has been widely used to guide a user by providing force feedback. However, the benefit of providing force feedback is still debatable due to performance dependency on factors such as the user's skill-level, task difficulty. M...

The haptic interfaces were developed and applied to freeform surface CAD/CAM systems to improve the user interaction with geometric models. Two types of haptic interfaces were designed; a passive force feedback device and an active force feedback device. Two application systems were developed with these devices; the surface modeling system by the passive force feedback device, and the NC progra...

A multi-modal mouse incorporating tactile and force feedback was tested in a target selection task with 12 subjects . Four feedback conditions (normal , tactile , force , tactile 1 force) were combined with three target distances and three target sizes . We found significant reductions in the overall movement times and in the time to stop the cursor after entering the target . This ef fect was ...

In construction tele-robot system. When p-f architecture force feedback was used, the impact of large feedback force result in the strike-like feeling on the operator’s hand. If the amplitude is high, it will cause the control unstable. So a improved force feedback control method with the feature of a T-S fuzzy feedback coefficient, which could be modified online nonlinearly and continuously, i...

By virtue of the hierarchical design of the motor system, the control of coordination is distributed to the brain, spinal cord and the architectural features of the musculoskeletal system. Force feedback forms one such coordinating network in the spinal cord. Positive force feedback is mainly autogenic and increases muscular and limb stiffness and promote propulsion during locomotion. In contra...