The normal positioning error hinders the use of magnetorheological finishing (MRF) in robotic polishing. In this paper, influence on MRF removal rate is revealed, and a force-controlled end-effector for process presented. developed integrated into six-axis industrial robot, robot positions while realizes constant force control. A fused silicon mirror polished, result shows that proposed device ...

We present the first single-molecule atomic force microscopy study on the effect of chemical denaturants on the mechanical folding/unfolding kinetics of a small protein GB1 (the B1 immunoglobulin-binding domain of protein G from Streptococcus). Upon increasing the concentration of the chemical denaturant guanidinium chloride (GdmCl), we observed a systematic decrease in the mechanical stability...

We present the spherical harmonic equation for the gravitational potential inside the Earth. The equation satisfies Poisson's equation and converges uniformly. It obviates the need for downward continuation of the exterior potential with its attendant convergence difficulties but of course requires some knowledge of the Earth's density distribution. Equipped with the equation, we derive the gen...