These data demonstrate that tolerance can be induced by vaginal Ag exposure. In these experiments, mice were given vaginal agarose gel suppositories containing either 5 mg OVA or saline for 6 h. Mice were given suppositories either during the estrous (estrogen dominant) or diestrous (progesterone dominant) stage of the estrous cycle. Mice were restrained during the inoculation period to prevent...

Effects of elephant garlic (Allium ampeloprasum) volatile oil (GVO) and trichothecene (T2) toxin were studied in Swiss albino mice. The animals were 1) topically applied GVO, 2) topically applied T-2 toxin, 3) topically applied GVO followed by T-2 toxin (GVO/T-2), and 4) T-2 toxin application followed by GVO (T-2/GVO) on the right footpad. All animals were observed by Langerhans cell enumeratio...

Rifampicin is the m ost active drug in the experimental mouse footpad infection with My co. leprae and in the treatment of human lepromatous leprosy as j udged by the rapid decline in Morphological Index . l ts definite place in the overall treatment of human leprosy needs h owever to be further ascertaine d through controlled clinicai trials exploring different thera­ peutics, also intermit te...

background: leishmaniasis is a complex disease which presents as visceral, cutaneous and mucocutaneous forms. the current treatment options for this infection are very limited and the immunological state of the host appears to play an important role in the efficacy of the treatment. immunostimulation through immune response activating agents such as imiquimod is another rational approach for th...

The relationship between the severity of footpad dermatitis (FPD) and growth performance parameters (live weight, condemnation rate, leg meat yield and breast meat yield) was investigated in a total of 63 million broiler chickens that were processed over a period of 1,053 days between 2008 and 2012 at a full-scale processing plant in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. FPD scores and carcass data were...

Broiler housing and management have become important for both manufacturers researchers, with the increasing commercial demand over years. The most factor that creates conditions is floor system selection. reason systems are they allow broilers to reduce contact excreta help excess moisture be absorbed controlling ammonia level. Poor litter trigger painful pododermatitis will affect animal welf...

A model of a paralyzed hand gripping and lifting an object was developed using anaesthetized cats. Functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) applied to the ankle plantarflexor muscles caused the footpad to press against and grip an object. Electroneurographic activity (ENG) activity generated by skin mechanoreceptors in the footpad was recorded with a cuff electrode implanted on the tibial ner...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) using Methylene Blue (MB) as the photosensitizing compound and a Light-Emitting Diode (LED) in American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). Hamsters were experimentally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. After the development of the lesions in the footpad, the animals were treated with MB three t...

Host anti-viral innate immunity plays important roles in the defense against HSV-1 infection. In this study, we find an unexpected role for innate LT/LIGHT signaling in promoting HSV-1 replication and virus induced inflammation in immunocompromised mice. Using a model of footpad HSV-1 infection in Rag1(-/-) mice, we observed that blocking LT/LIGHT signaling with LTβR-Ig could significantly dela...