Influenza vaccine seeds produced in chicken eggs are selected through HA and NA surface glycoproteins antigenicity, as well as through high replicative ability. Here we characterize the genetic content of recently used thirteen H3N2 influenza vaccine seeds. Interestingly, sequence analysis of the vaccine seeds shows reassortment events leading to PR8:H3N2 segment constellations, ranging from th...

Ecosystem services are ecosystem processes that directly or indirectly benefit human well-being. There has been much recent literature identifying different services and the communities and species that provide them. This is a vital first step towards management and maintenance of these services. In this review, we specifically address the waterbirds, which play key functional roles in many aqu...

1. According to the preference-performance hypothesis, female insects select resources that maximize offspring performance. To achieve high fitness, leaf miner females should then adjust their oviposition behaviour in response to leaf attributes signalling high host quality. 2. Here we investigate resource selection in Tischeria ekebladella, a leaf-mining moth of the pedunculate oak (Quercus ro...

This experiment was conducted to measure the effects of olive leaf powder on performance, egg yield, egg quality and yolk cholesterol level of laying hens. A total of 120 Lohmann Brown laying hens of 22 weeks old were used in this experiment. The birds were fed on standard layer diets containing 0, 1%, 2%, or 3% olive leaf powder for 8 weeks. Egg weight and yield were recorded daily; feed intak...

The present study describes the implementation of a food safety system in a dairy processing plant located in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, and the challenges found during the process. In addition, microbiological indicators have been used to assess system's implementation performance. The steps involved in the implementation of a food safety system included a diagnosis of the prerequisites, ...

Introduction.?Vitamin Bx is widely distributed in nature. It is particularly abundant in whole wheat, enriched bread, whole cereal grains, legume seeds, certain fruits and vegetables, yolk of eggs, liver and meat, specially pork. In refined cereals vitamin Bx is negligible. Deficiency in vitamin usually occurs as a result of the cereal grains being highly polished or adulterated and also from w...

In many cases health and welfare problems are observed in organic egg production systems, as are high environmental risks related to nutrient leaching. These disadvantages might be reduced if the layers are allowed to utilise their ability to forage to a higher degree thereby reducing the import of nutrients into the system and stimulating the hens to perform a natural behaviour. However, very ...

hundred eggs on a bit of cheese-cloth. In the case of Papilio ajax, a breeding cage was employed and a sprig of wild parsnip was placed in its best lighted corner. The result was excellent. In order to rear larvae, the bits of leaves with attached eggs were placed on fresh food plant in tin cans covered with pieces of glass. The plant in this case was also kept in a curved-necked bottle. This t...

A biotechnology for aerobic conversion of food waste into organic fertilizer under controlled aeration, stirring, pH and temperature at 55-65 degrees C, is proposed. To maintain neutral pH at the beginning of the bioconversion 5% CaCO3 was added to the total solids of the food waste. The addition of 20% horticultural waste compost as a bulking agent to the food wastes (w.w./w.w.), improved the ...

For Bangladesh, the requirement for food is very high due to its huge population. To achieve self-sufficiency in food grain production, the HYV rice varieties are widely produced in Bangladesh, particularly in the dry season, and this requires a large volume of groundwater irrigation. Groundwater of many areas of our country is severely contaminated with arsenic. So, there is a possibility of a...