Background/introduction Fibroadenomas are common, benign lesions of the breast. A minority of fibroadenomas will disappear without treatment, but most increase in size or remain unchanged. Current management of patients with fibroadenomas in the United States varies on a case by case basis and includes observation or surgical excision. Many patients find their fibroadenoma bothersome, and opt f...

In recent years the propagation of the high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in biological tissue is an interesting area due to its potential applications in non-invasive treatment of disease. The base principle of these applications is the heat effect generated by ultrasound absorption. In order to control therapeutic efficiency, it is important to evaluate the heat generation in biological...

The successful clinical application of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation depends on reliable monitoring of the lesion formation. Harmonic motion imaging guided focused ultrasound (HMIgFUS) is an ultrasound-based elasticity imaging technique, which monitors HIFU ablation based on the stiffness change of the tissue instead of the echo intensity change in conventional B-mode monito...

PURPOSE High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) provides a non-invasive salvage treatment option for patients with recurrence after external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). As part of EBRT the prostate is frequently implanted with permanent fiducial markers. To date, the impact of these markers on subsequent HIFU treatment is unknown. The objective of this work was to systematically investigate...

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men and the second leading cause of death from malignancy in the UK. The number of men diagnosed with PCa is increasing, due in part to an increased willingness of men to visit their family doctors with lower urinary tract symptoms, and also a willingness of physicians to test for it. As the demographic of men diagnosed with PCa becomes younger...

Perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions (PFCNEs) have recently been undergoing rigorous study to investigate their ability to improve the therapeutic efficacy of tumor ablation by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). For precise control of PFCNE delivery and thermal ablation, their accumulation and distribution in a tumor should be quantitatively analyzed. Here, we used fluorine-19 (19F) magnetic re...

Tissue destruction by thermal ablation occurs when the targeted delivery of heat or cold causes a rapid change in temperature (>55°C for heat or <−20–50°C for cold) in the local tissue environment. Imaging can be used to localize and target the thermal effects to the target/tumor for treatment, control the energy deposition, and assess treatment response. Therapeutic applications of ultrasound ...

PURPOSE To develop and validate a computational model that simulates (1) tissue heating with high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), and (2) resulting hyperthermia-mediated drug delivery from temperature-sensitive liposomes (TSL). MATERIALS AND METHODS HIFU heating in tissue was simulated using a heat transfer model based on the bioheat equation, including heat-induced cessation of perfusio...

Article history: Received 5 May 2014 This study examines the motives mentors have for providing developmental support to their protégés. Based on qualitative interviewswith 20 informalmentors, we show five broad categories of mentor motives: self-focused motives (based on individual reasons), protégé-focused motives (directed at the protégé), relationship-focused motives (directed at the relati...

objective(s):valproic acid (vpa), a drug used in the treatment of neurological disorders, has been shown to have cytotoxic effects on cancer cells through different mechanisms. telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase, is responsible for elongation of the telomere and is activated in cancers. a relation between telomerase activity and resistance to apoptosis has been established. t...