This paper presents a scheme for strong self-focusing of laser beam interacting with cone-guided fast-ignition inertial confinement fusion target using cone pre-plasma filling as an optical medium reducing the waist. The objective is to reduce focal spot size at interior tip re-entrant that required efficient coupling dense imploded fuel core. challenging achieve in large system standard compon...

We experimentally demonstrate reordering throughout the inside of an individual bipolar nematic liquid-crystalline microdroplet optically trapped by a highly focused laser beam, when the laser powers are above a definite threshold. The threshold depends on the droplet size and laser polarization. A physical interpretation of the results is presented by considering the nonlocal orientations of t...

We have demonstrated that structures down to 150 nm can be visualized in X-ray projection images using a nano-focus X-ray source. Due to their unlimited depth of focus, they don a limit on the specimen size in the case of 3D tomographic imaging. Further simulation studies have shown that optimization of the detector response curve and switching from a reflective Xray target to a transmission ta...

The Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) refocusing mirror system installed at the PG1 branch of the plane-grating monochromator beamline at the soft X-ray/XUV free-electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH) is designed to provide tight aberration-free focusing down to 4 µm × 6 µm full width at half-maximum (FWHM) on the sample. Such a focal spot size is mandatory to achieve ultimate resolution and to guarantee best p...

When scanning weakly attenuating samples using an X-ray tube with a very small focal spot size, the acquired projections not only contain absorption contrast, but also phase contrast due to refraction of the X-rays. Although the resulting edge enhancement can be beneficial in radiography, the tomographic reconstruction of such mixed projections using a conventional algorithm yields cross-sectio...

In this paper, we examine two dimensional transmission and three dimensional laminography, as implemented in two Automated X-Ray Inspection (AXI) industrial machines used for inspection of Surface Mount Technology (SMT) solder joint connections in electronics manufacturing: the Teradyne XStation and Agilent 5DX. Factors affecting xray image quality, such as the size of the focal spot, the x-ray...

We propose a new type of surface wave lens that is made of a circular in-plane inhomogeneous metamaterial slab and numerically demonstrate its capability to focus surface waves at optical frequencies. This approach can achieve a smaller focal spot size than the previously demonstrated Ag plasmonic lens. The use of inhomogeneous metamaterials is to decrease the high losses that are usually assoc...

Spatial intensity distributions of the Laguerre-superGauss modes (1,0) as well a super-Gaussian beam with radial and circular polarization were investigated versus changes in height diffractive axicon. The relief optical element varied from 0.25λ to 3λ. modeling by finite-difference time-domain method showed that variations axicon significantly affect diffraction pattern near field smallest foc...