The annular foam breaker is one which uses the vacuum and shear force generated by the Coanda effect to break foam. Its effectiveness in destroying drilling foam has been test in wellbore flow simulation loop experimental stand. Experimental results showed that the operating pressure of the annular foam breaker should be larger than 0.6MPa and the stabilizers concentration of the foam drilling ...

BACKGROUND Foam cells are central to two major pathogenic processes in atherogenesis: cholesterol buildup in arteries and inflammation. The main underlying cause of cholesterol deposition in arteries is hypercholesterolemia. This study aimed to assess, in vivo, whether elevated plasma cholesterol also alters the inflammatory balance of foam cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Apolipoprotein E-deficien...

Foam cell formation from macrophages with subsequent fatty streak formation plays a key role in early atherogenesis. Foam cell formation is thought to be induced by Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL), including oxidized LDL (OxLDL) or minimally modified LDL (mmLDL). Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in OxLDL- and mmLDL-induced foam cell formation is of fundamental importance for ather...

In atherosclerosis, cholesterol accumulates in intimal macrophages. As the macrophages become cholesterol-loaded, they are converted into foam cells. Indeed, the formation of macrophage foam cells is considered to be a key event in early atherogenesis. Since the ingested cholesterol does not elicit negative feedback regulation of lipoprotein uptake by the macrophages [1], removal of excess cell...

An expanding body of evidence continues to build on the role of platelets as initial actors in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Platelets bind to leukocytes and endothelial cells, and initiate monocyte transformation into macrophages. Platelets internalize oxidized phospholipids and promote foam cell formation. Platelets also recruit progenitor cells to the scene that are able to dif...

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hydrolyzes the core triglycerides of lipoproteins, thereby playing a role in their maturation. LPL may be important in the metabolic pathways that lead to atherosclerosis, since it is secreted in vitro by both of the predominant cell types of the atherosclerotic plaque, i.e., macrophages and smooth muscle cells. Because of uncertainty concerning the primary cellular so...

Lipid-laden peripheral tissue cells release cholesterol to an extracellular acceptor such as high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Foam cells are formed at the first stage of atherosclerosis development. This study investigated whether sage weed (Salvia plebeia) extract (SWE) influences cholesterol handling of J774A1 murine macrophages. A murine macrophage cell line, J774A1, was used in this study. O...

A bacterium capable of degrading pendimethalin was isolated from the contaminated soil samples and identified as Bacillus lehensis XJU based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. 6-Aminopendimethalin and 3,4-dimethyl 2,6-dinitroaniline were identified as the metabolites of pendimethalin degradation by the bacterium. The biodegradation of pendimethalin by freely suspended and the immobilized cells...

OBJECTIVE Studies in vitro and in vivo of macrophage foam cells have shown evidence of cytotoxicity after acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibition. Foam cells of smooth muscle origin are also found in human and animal atherosclerotic lesions. METHODS AND RESULTS To study whether cytotoxicity from ACAT inhibition is independent of cell type, we first established a protocol to con...

Vascular endothelial cell (VEC) senescence is considered an early event in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Stressful stimuli, in particular oxidative stress, have been linked to premature senescence in the vasculature. Foam cells are a major source of reactive oxygen species and may play a role in the induction of VEC senescence; hence, we investigated their involvement in the induc...