OBJECTIVE To develop methods to compare carbon dioxide (CO2) resurfacing lasers, fluence, and debridement effects on tissue shrinkage and histological thermal denaturation. DESIGN In vitro human or in vivo porcine skin samples received up to 5 passes with scanner or short-pulsed CO2 resurfacing lasers. Fluences ranging from 2.19 to 17.58 J/cm2 (scanner) and 1.11 to 5.56 J/cm2 (short pulsed) w...

The interaction between gravitropism and phototropism was analyzed for sporangiophores of Phycomyces blakesleeanus. Fluence rate-response curves for phototropism were generated under three different conditions: (a) for stationary sporangiophores, which reached photogravitropic equilibrium; (b) for sporangiophores, which were clinostated head-over during phototropic stimulation; and (c) for spor...

Conversion coefficients were calculated for fluence-to-absorbed dose, fluence-to-equivalent dose, fluence-to-effective dose and fluence-to-gray equivalent for isotropic exposure of an adult female and an adult male to tritons ((3)H(+)) in the energy range of 10 MeV to 1 TeV (0.01-1000 GeV). Coefficients were calculated using Monte Carlo transport code MCNPX 2.7.C and BodyBuilder™ 1.3 anthropomo...

One of the most important functions of blue light (BL) is to induce chloroplast movements in order to reduce the damage to the photosynthetic machinery under excess light. Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), which is commonly generated under various environmental stimuli, can act as a signalling molecule that regulates a number of developmental processes and stress responses. To investigate whether H...

The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements Report 62 (ICRU 1999) introduced the concept of expanding the clinical target volume (CTV) to form the planning target volume by a two-step process. The first step is adding a clinically definable internal margin, which produces an internal target volume that accounts for the size, shape and position of the CTV in relation to anat...

Ultrafast photoresponse of dc-biased optically-thick YBa2Cu3O7−δ microbridges at T < Tc triggered with 100 fs optical pulses of high fluence was investigated by means of sampling oscilloscope and approach of a S-(1.5– 4 GHz) & C-(4–7 GHz) frequency-band antenna radiation, excited by the photoresponse. A superposition of ultrafast(photokinetic) and slow(bolometric) components of the photorespons...

The effect of light scattering on measurement of UV absorbance and penetration of germicidal UVC irradiance in a UV reactor were studied. Using a standard spectrophotometer, absorbance measurements exhibited significant error when particles that scatter light were present but could be corrected by integrating sphere spectroscopy. Particles from water treatment plants and wastewater effluents ex...

PURPOSE To compare the efficacy of low-fluence photodynamic therapy (PDT) and PDT with half-dose verteporfin in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). PATIENTS AND METHODS The medical records of 64 eyes from 60 patients with chronic CSC were retrospectively reviewed; 36 eyes received low-fluence PDT (25 J/cm(2)) and 28 eyes received half-dose verteporfin PDT (3 mg/m(2)). The primary ...

The lack a of standard approach for presenting contaminant remediation kinetics using the UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation process (AOP) for water treatment hampers efforts to cross-interpret results and apply literature data for the prediction of treatment efficiencies in new experimental settings. Properly weighted UV fluence rates can be used to define parameters for assessing the UV/H2O2 AOP that...