Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench lines with genetic differences in photoperiod requirement were planted in the field near Plainview, Texas (about 34 degrees northern latitude) around June 1 and treated with gibberellic acid (GA(3)) solutions applied in the apical leaf whorl. GA(3) hastened the date of floral differentiation (initiation). The greatest responses to GA(3) were by 90M and 100M, the late...

Editorial It is my honor to introduce the first issue of the Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science (JPIS) under the auspices of the Korean Academy of Periodontology (KAP) which has reached its 50th year of foundation. The KAP was established in 1960 and issued its first official publication, the Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology (JKAP) in 1971. Since then, it has been providing...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Studies of the effects of pollination on floral scent and bee visitation remain rare, particularly in agricultural crops. To fill this gap, the hypothesis that bee visitation to flowers decreases after pollination through reduced floral volatile emissions in highbush blueberries, Vaccinium corymbosum, was tested. Other sources of variation in floral emissions and the role of...

The regulation of floral organ number is closely associated with floral meristem size. Mutations in the gene FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER1 (FON1) cause enlargement of the floral meristem in Oryza sativa (rice), resulting in an increase in the number of all floral organs. Ectopic floral organs develop in the whorl of each organ and/or in the additional whorls that form. Inner floral organs are more sever...

Grass plants develop unique floral patterns that determine grain production. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the specification of floral organ identities and meristem determinacy, including the interaction among floral homeotic genes, remains largely unknown in grasses. Here, we report the interactions of rice (Oryza sativa) floral homeotic genes, OsMADS3 (a C-class gene), OsMADS13 ...

The floral quartet model of floral organ specification poses that different tetramers of MIKC-type MADS-domain transcription factors control gene expression and hence the identity of floral organs during development. Here, we provide a brief history of the floral quartet model and review several lines of recent evidence that support the model. We also describe how the model has been used in con...

As emergency physicians, we are privileged to be in a field that crosses more boundaries than any other medical specialty. It is a calling. Our skills are portable and transferable across cultural and geographic disparities. For these reasons, many of us are drawn to sharing our knowledge and training across the globe – towards treating patients in underserved and austere environments abroad. T...

"Cultural systems are coherent patterns of understanding built from the reciprocal relationships among 1) knowledge or beliefs: the shared conceptual understandings of what or how things are; 2) patterns of practice: both the models for doing and the model-guided, habituated actions of everyday practice; 3) 3 tools and artifacts: the means and ends of practical action; and 4) patterns of affect...

†Background and Aims The underlying evolutionary processes of pollinator-driven floral diversification are still poorly understood. According to the Grant–Stebbins model speciation begins with adaptive local differentiation in the response to spatial heterogeneity in pollinators. Although this crucial process links the microand macroevolution of floral adaptation, it has received little attenti...

A novel gene that regulates floral meristem activity and controls floral organ number was identified in Arabidopsis and is designated FONl (for FLORAL QRGAN NUMBERl). The fonl mutants exhibit normal vegetative development and produce normal inflorescence meristems and immature flowers before stage 6. fonl flowers become visibly different from wild-type flowers at stage 6, when the third-whorl s...