the increasing world demand for fish cannot be met by capture fisheries. aquaculture production is increasing and nowadays cage culture has an important role in meeting the world’s fish demand. the design of the physical structure of a cage is determined by the oceanographic conditions of the culture site. each design is site-specific and knowledge of the topography, wind force and direction, p...

tyrant No. 777196 from the Ministry of Education, Japan. AbstractRepeated administrations of high doses of theophylline to rats resulted in a series of stages which progressed as treatments were continued, i.e. hypoactivity, stereotypy, killing attack and automutilation, etc. Stereotyped behavior was con tinuous sniffing with backward locomotion, biting of the cage floor. standing on hin...

Endotoxins as components of organic dust may have adverse effects on the respiratory health of workers in poultry buildings. The move towards more welfare-friendly housing systems for layers may increase worker exposure to air contaminants due to the use of litter. The endotoxin concentrations in the inhalable fraction of airborne dust (below 100 µm) from cage and alternative system houses (on-...

Stress can inhibit maternal behaviour and increase rates of child abuse in humans and other animals; however, the neuroendocrine mechanisms are not known. To determine whether corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) plays a role in stress-induced disruption of maternal behaviour in primates, we characterised the effects of acute i.c.v. infusions of CRH on maternal and abusive behaviour in common...

The effects of housing systems on the calcium requirement for eggshell production, eggshell quality and on the breaking strength of the hen’s tibia were evaluated. Unenriched cages (UN) (24 laying hens), enriched cages (EN) (16 laying hens) and floor system (FS) (24 laying hens) were used in this experiment. The eggshell production of laying hens from 19 to 66 weeks of age was higher (P < 0.01)...