BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Responses to repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) in patients with muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibody (Ab)-positive myasthenia gravis (MG) vary depending on the muscles tested. We analyzed the RNS responses of limb and facial muscles in MuSK-Ab-positive and acetylcholine receptor (AChR)-Ab-negative MG (MuSK MG) and MuSK-Ab-negative and AChR-Ab-negative [double-...

Forearm compartment syndrome is a surgical emergency that usually requires release of the superficial muscle compartments. In some clinical situations it is imperative to also explore the deep muscle compartments. There are no anatomical guides for surgical exploration of the deep compartments that would minimize collateral damage to surrounding vessels, nerves, and muscles. Surgical injury in ...

[Medical Research Council (MRC) 2–3] was detected in the triceps brachii, f lexor carpi ulnaris and median nerve-innervated hand muscles. The flexor carpi radialis and ulnaris, extensor carpi ulnaris and finger flexors were mildly impaired. The shoulder girdle muscles, the biceps brachii, brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis were spared. The muscle stretch reflexes were normal, except fo...

OBJECTIVE To describe medial humeral epicondylitis in cats based on radiographic, anatomic, and histologic observations. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. ANIMALS Feline cadavers (n = 60). METHODS Extended craniocaudal, and extended and flexed mediolateral radiographic projections were taken of both elbows of 60 consecutive European shorthair cats that died or were euthanatized. Elbo...

Purpose Distal scaphoid and triquetrum excisions can improve the range of wrist motion after radioscapholunate (RSL) fusion, but little is known about kinematics dart-throwing global circumduction motions. We hypothesized that these could increase without causing midcarpal instability. Methods Seven fresh-frozen cadaver upper extremities were mounted on a testing apparatus isolation preloading ...

Anomalies of Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) are uncommon and predominantly consist of abnormal insertion or extra tendinous bands. The presence of two separate bellies of FCU muscle with separate tendons has been termed as Digastric FCU. It is a very rare anomaly with only six previously reported cases and no report of clinical use of such anomalous muscle. We describe a case of anomalous FCU found...

Although the orientations of the hand and forearm vary for different wrist rehabilitation protocols, their effect on muscle forces has not been quantified. Physiologic simulators enable a biomechanical evaluation of the joint by recreating functional motions in cadaveric specimens. Control strategies used to actuate joints in physiologic simulators usually employ position or force feedback alon...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the accuracy of manual needle placement for injection of botulinum toxin type A into the forearm muscles of adults with spastic flexed wrist and clenched fist as a consequence of stroke. DESIGN Prospective clinical study. PATIENTS A total of 41 adults with chronic stroke who were scheduled to receive botulinum toxin type A injection into the following forearm muscle...

Introduction Awareness of potential variations in muscular organization and routing of tendinous insertions is essential for those in medical education, practice, and research. In the upper limb the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus by the common extensor tendon and from the posterior aspect of the proximal half of the ulna to insert on the base...