Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), commonly used flame retardants, are under scrutiny as a result of their global presence and rapid bioaccumulation. Legislative and commercial groups have initiated programs to reduce or eliminate specific PBDE congeners as a result of their potential health threat. This application note will demonstrate a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analy...

Atomic Absorption Based Techniques. Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Figure 1.3 Schematic diagram showing the before (left) and after (right) the draw the sample into a nebulizer by the Bernoulli Effect where it is converted. Atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and visible A schematic diagram of a UV-Vis spectrophotometer is shown in Figure.11. Preface Inductively co...

Vanadium is found in many rocks and minerals, including asphaltite. Asphaltite is one of the naturally occurring black, solid bitumens, which are soluble at heating in carbon disulfide and fuse. Asphaltite is also a solidified hydrocarbon compound derived from petroleum. Determination of vanadium in asphaltite ash was performed by microwave-acid digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma-...

The development of flame ionization detection took place on an empirical basis without a clear understanding of the 1 mechanism. The study of flames by mass spectrometry showed that the all-important ion was the formylium ion CHO . The pre-combustion degradation was thought to be a pyrolytic degradation and hydrogenation at the high temperatures obtained close to the combustion zone. Using a ca...

In order to improve the efficiency of intumescent flame retardants (IFRs), a novel macromolecular charring agent named poly(ethanediamine-1,3,5-triazine-p-4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) (PETAT) with gas phase and condense phase synergistic flame-retardant capability was synthesized and subsequently dispersed into polypropylene (PP) in combination with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) via a ...

Using calmagite as the compleximetric agent in spectro-photometric measurements of magnesium in serum involves a nonspecific matrix effect, which may bias results by as much as 25 to 30% if aqueous standards are used in serum assays. We have overcome this effect by simply adding 5 pL of the amphoteric detergent Empigen BB (300 g/L; Albright and Wilson Ltd., Whitehaven, U.K.) to each reaction cu...

A novel, simple, sensitive and effective method has been developed for preconcentration of the trace Pb (II) ions in aqueous Samples by CNT carboxyl which in order to improve the performance of extraction and preconcentration was used. Amounting of the ions density in solution was performed by the method of flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The effective parameters on extraction such as: ef...

Pb and Cd in water samples were determined by cloud point extraction (CPE) with sodiumdiethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) as the chelating agent and octylphenoxypolyethanl (Triton X-114) asthe surfactant prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) determination. The main factorsof affecting the extraction and detection processes were optimized. The preconcentration of 10 mL ofstandard soluti...