Dimensionless coefficient () in convergence confinement method shows the relaxation of stress in the wall of the tunnel at different excavation movements. This factor is considered a constant number in previous studies and tunnel geometric characteristics (such as depth, cross-section shape, radius, soil material, etc.) are not included in its determination; however, ignoring these effects can...

Preparatory heart rate deceleration occurs in tasks with an external focus of attention and is often assumed to facilitate balance performance. However, its effects upon sport-related complex balance movements have not been studied. Heart rate patterns during the preparation period of an acrobatic element (flic-flac) on the balance beam were studied in 14 female gymnasts (M age 13.2 years). A s...

pML31, a plasmid chimera constructed to contain the replication genes of an Flac plasmid, has been studied by electron microscope methods. Heteroduplex analysis shows that the only F sequence present in pML31 is that with corrdinates 40.3-49.3F. This region has previously been identified as essential for plasmid maintenance. The sequence of pML31, which was derived originally from R6-5, carries...

The factor of safety for slopes (FS) has been traditionally evaluated using two-dimensional limit equilibrium methods (LEM). However the FS of a slope can also be computed with FLAC by reducing the soil shear strength in stages until the slope fails. This method is called the shear strength reduction technique (SSR). Many authors have pointed out several advantages of SSR over the limit equilib...

This paper presents an experimental and numerical analysis of the uplift resistance pipelines buried in reinforced soil. The behavior system is studied using a set laboratory experiments. pull-out forces some reinforcing are most important factors affecting resistance. Buried elements such as that have high pressure fluids or under temperature need to be order increase their One efficient metho...

Recycled materials like Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) and Fly Ash are prevalent in recent feasibility studies on reused geotechnical engineering applications. Red Mud is a mining waste from aluminum manufacturing, by-product of coal combustion power plants. Nevertheless, to fully reveal the using those for constructing above-ground earth structures, better understanding their unsaturated performanc...

The last seismic events showed that tunnel lining may suffer extensive damage. Employing numerical modeling has a great importance in predicting the performance of tunnels. This paper tests Zaouit Ait Mellal (ZAM) twin tunnels located between cities Marrakesh and Agadir Morocco. Dynamic analysis was adopted by FLAC 2D software using finite-difference elements. Four soil cross-sections were chos...

RMR, Rock Mass Rating, is one of the famous rock classifications. However, RMR was proposed empirically and absolutely depends on the experience of engineer. Therefore, engineering verification is needed for RMR system itself. In this study, the factor analysis and the multiple regressions were performed in order to evaluate the validity of rating factor of RMR. Also numerical analysis was carr...