The authors describe a large Iranian family with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, which included 14 patients in four generations. We examined seven patients who had expanded CAG repeats in the CACNA1A gene with repeat instability (24 and 25 repeats). Although all patients showed cerebellar ataxia, each patient exhibited peripheral neuropathy or spasticity indicating intrafamilial phenotypi...

the present checklist is a compilation of the eupodoid mites of iran using published records and original data from recent researches. it contains 19 species belonging to 13 genera and five families. family cocceupodidae jesionowska, 2010 (because of moving the genera to a new family) and two species i.e. foveacheles (foveacheles) cegetensis zacharda, 1983 and linopodes antennaepes banks, 1894 ...

sphecidae is a large and important family of hymenoptera. all members of this family are presocial predators of other arthropods and play a role in the control of pest complex. in this study, sphecids were collected from east azerbaijan province using sweep net, malaise traps and yellow pan traps. twenty species of the family sphecidae (hymenoptera), belonging to subfamilies pemphredoninae, ast...

the aim of this paper is to identify and analyses the influence of shareholder ownership identity on payout ratio for a panel of iran firms from 2002 to 2008. we found that there is a significant positive correlation between institutional ownership and payout ratio. the relation between payout ratio and individual ownership is negative. the most finding of the study indicates that iranian compa...

Most large firms operating in consumer markets own and market more than one brand (i.e., they have a brand portfolio). Although firms make corporate-level strategic decisions regarding their brand portfolio, little is known about whether and how a firm’s brand portfolio strategy is linked to its business performance. Using data from the American Customer Satisfaction Index and other secondary s...

abstract background: poor interaction of treatment personnel with patients’ families leads to informational contrast in families, which may ultimately increase the tension and pressure in these conditions. considering the necessity of caregivers’ contribution for an optimized treatment, continuation of care, and supporting patients, and with regard to caregivers’ important role, and also consid...

This paper examines the relation between ownership structure and dividend smoothing by comparing the degree of dividend smoothing engaged in by family and non-family firms. We expect family firms to exhibit less dividend smoothing behaviour than non-family firms due to lower agency conflicts and less information asymmetry experienced by family firms. Based on a sample of S&P 500 firms from 1997...

The paper shows the higher valuation of family firms occurs only for family firms founded by several non-related people (multi-family cofounding firms), particularly founder controlled multi-family cofounding firms. The evidence suggests that having at least two unrelated cofounders involved in management reduces agency problems through mutual monitoring, reducing the number of shareholder prop...