Differences in the acoustic characteristics of forage fish species in the Gulf of Alaska and the Bering Sea were examined using Kirchhoff ray-mode (KRM) backscatter models. Our goal was to identify species-specific characteristics and metrics that facilitate the discrimination of species using acoustic techniques. Five fish species were analyzed: capelin (Mallotus villosus), Pacific herring (Cl...

Coral reefs are in decline across the globe as a result of overexploitation, pollution, disease and, more recently, climate change. The impacts of changes in coral cover on associated fish communities can be difficult to predict because of the uneven dependence of reef fish species on corals for food, shelter or the three-dimensional structure they provide. We compared live coral cover, reef fi...

Fishes are one of the most commonly introduced aquatic taxa worldwide, and invasive fish species pose threats to biodiversity and ecosystem function in recipient waters. Considerable research efforts have focused on predicting the invasibility of different fish taxa; however, accurate records detailing the establishment and spread of invasive fishes are lacking for large numbers of fish around ...

Roads, bridges, and dikes constructed across salt marshes can restrict tidal flow, degrade habitat quality for nekton, and facilitate invasion by non-native plants including Phragmites australis. Introduced P. australis contributes to marsh accretion and eliminates marsh surface pools thereby adversely affecting fish by reducing access to intertidal habitats essential for feeding, reproduction,...

logistic regression (lr) was used to model urban growth between the years 1987 and 2001 in gorgan city, north east of iran. three groups of variables including economic-social, land use and biophysical variables were used in the modeling practice. using covariance of the independent variables, distance to administrative and sporting centers plus distance to cities were removed. roc (relative op...

the main objective of this paper is to find the necessary and sufficient condition of a given finslermetric to be einstein in order to classify the einstein finsler metrics on a compact manifold. the consideredeinstein finsler metric in the study describes all different kinds of einstein metrics which are pointwiseprojective to the given one. this study has resulted in the following theorem tha...

Land use changes within watersheds can have large effects on stream ecosystems, but the mechanistic basis of those effects remains poorly understood. While changes to population size presumably reflect underlying variation in organismal health and condition, such individual-level metrics are rarely evaluated in the context of ecosystem disturbance. To address this deficiency, we combined physio...

Besides energy constraint, wireless sensor networks should also be able to provide bounded communication delay when they are used to support real-time applications. In this paper, a new routing metric is proposed. It takes into account both energy and delay constraints. It can be used in AODV. By mathematical analysis and simulations, we have shown the efficiency of this new routing metric.

Successfully introducing a reuse program into an organization requires many things, such as proven processes, an organization for reuse, and management support. However, management needs to understand the value of reuse before they will allocate resources. Key to showing this value is a business case based on consistent, realistic, and easy to understand metrics. I have found that combining rea...