This paper studies observable and irrevocable commitment in bargaining. We investigate when commitment tactics can cause an impasse and when compromise is feasible. In the static model in which a player’s commitment decision is made simultaneously with his choice of bargaining stance, compromise becomes unattainable (Ellingsen and Miettinen, 2008). We first analyze a static bargaining model, in...

Creating valid and reliable classroom tests are very important to an instructor for assessing student performance, achievement and success in the class. The same principle applies to the State Exit and Classroom Exams conducted by the instructors, state and other agencies. One powerful technique available to the instructors for the guidance and improvement of instruction is the test item analys...

This work describes the impact of different teachers’ approaches in using Moodle, for supporting their courses, at the Polytechnic of Porto School of Engineering. The study covers five different courses, from different degrees and different years, and includes a number of Moodle resources especially supporting laboratory classes. These and other active resources are particularly analyzed in ord...

Gamification, the application of game elements to non-game settings, continues to grow in popularity as a method to increase student engagement in the classroom. We tested students across two courses, measuring their motivation, social comparison, effort, satisfaction, learner empowerment, and academic performance at four points during a 16-week semester. One course received a gamified curricul...

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In this paper two external schema generation algorithms are presented. These algorithms are defined in the framework of the new external schema definition methodology for OODBs put forward in (Samos, 1995); they generate an external schema from a set of classes selected from those existing in an external schema definition repository. Their main characteristic is that they avoid the generation o...

Upward communication strategies were investigated at six university presidential BBS in Taiwan. A 12 CMC upward influence strategies scheme was developed including demand, facts, questioning, comparing, hitchhiking, rational persuasion, feelings only, sarcasm, inspirational appeals, ingratiating, alliance, and threatening. Two major research questions were proposed asking about the differences ...