The primary treatment of municipal wastewater was investigated in three high-rate anaerobic filter (AF) reactors operated in parallel at different hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 h at low ambient temperature (average = 13°C). The media in each reactor consisted of vertical sheets of reticulated-polyurethane foam (RPF) with knobs. The results demonstrated that the AF reactor was...

Many aspects of the glomerular filtration of macromolecules remain controversial, including the location of the major filtration barrier, the effects of electrical charge, and the reason the filtration barrier does not clog. We examined these issues in anesthetized Necturus maculosus, using fluorescently labeled probes and a two-photon microscope. With the high resolution of this system and the...

We have found a defect in the ouabain-sensitive Na+, K+-ATPase (Na+ pump, EC 3.6.1.37) of erythrocytes from streptozocin diabetic rats. This defect was accompanied by an increase in cell volume and osmotic fragility and a decrease in the cytosolic K+/Na+ ratio. There was also a doubling in the time needed for diabetic erythrocytes to pass through 4.7-micron channels in a polycarbonate filter. O...

investigated, and thus the bronchoconstriction is unlikely to have been a non-specific irritant reaction. The absence of airway hyperresponsiveness may have been because the measurements were taken some weeks after the last exposure to the spray, but hyperresponsiveness is not invariably present in patients with occupational asthma.4'5 Challenge with the disinfectant spray produced an asthmatic...

Erythrocytes from 14 patients with homozygous sickle cell anaemia were treated with the calcium ionophore A23187 to induce loss of cellular potassium and water. The dehydrated cells showed a decrease in filterability (loss of deformability) through pores of 5 micron diameter. Oxpentifylline and cetiedil citrate, which preserve erythrocyte cation and water content, had a significant (p less than...

1. Normal serum, used in cultures for preparation of the streptolysin, modifies the properties of the streptolysin, causing delayed hemolysis, increased filterability, resistance to oxidation or reduction, and absence of antigenicity. 1. Streptolysin prepared without serum is an active antigen. 3. Similar temperatures are required to destroy the antigenic activity of serum-free streptolysin and...