INTRODUCTION Lumbrical muscles play a vital role in the precision movements of the hand, along with the thenar, hypothenar and interossei muscles. The variation in the lumbrical muscle is clinically significant. CASE PRESENTATION During routine dissection of an adult male cadaver, we observed an additional muscle belly of the first lumbrical muscle took origin from the tendon of the flexor di...

Methods Two similar but separate surveys , each consisting of 39 questions , were conducted among 37 laptop users and 34 PDA users. The survey participants constituted a convenience sample from a group of business professionals and graduate students. The survey questions were designed to evaluate characteristics of use, design adequacy of keyboard and screen, hand -forearm and neck postures, di...

The muscles that govern hand motion are composed of extrinsic muscles that reside within the forearm and intrinsic muscles that reside within the hand. We find that the extrinsic muscles of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) first differentiate as intrinsic muscles within the hand and then relocate as myofibers to their final position in the arm. This remarkable translocation of different...

Urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) metastases to skeletal muscle are extremely rare and usually found in patients with advanced stage cancer. The most common sites of bladder cancer metastases are lymph nodes, lung, liver, and bones. Muscle is an unusual site of metastases from a distant primary cancer, due to several protective factors. We present a rare case of 76-year-old patient with metastase...

Anomalous muscle bellies in the forearm generally are asymptomatic and appreciated an academic sense during cadaveric dissections. Few prior anatomic variations have been described with symptoms, associated even more rarely carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). We discuss evaluation management of a case CTS belly flexor digitorum superficialis to index within tunnel. Carpal (CTS) is most frequent compr...

Introduction The classic description of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) muscle states that, it arises by two heads, humero-ulnar and radial heads respectively and divides into four muscle bundles in the distal third of the forearm. The muscle bundles then form four separate tendons above the wrist and get inserted to the sides of the shaft of the middle phalanx of the medial four digit...

BACKGROUND Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) describes a set of symptoms caused by compression of the median nerve in the wrist, which is the most common site of nerve compression in the upper limb. This syndrome is a primary source of pain and reduced function in these patients, and the cause is compression of the median nerve where it passes beneath the flexor retinaculum in the wrist. OBJECTIVE...

The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the outcome of flexor tendon lengthening performed for hammer toes or curly toes in children, after a mean follow up of 31 months. Specific attention was given to postoperative active flexion of the toe. The deformity improved in all patients, but less in the fourth and fifth toe. Active flexion returned and strength was recovered in all p...