Flight initiation distance (FID), a measure of an animal's tolerance to human disturbance and a descriptor of its fear of humans, is increasingly employed for conservation purposes and to predict the response of species to urbanization. However, most work devoted to understanding variability in FID has been conducted at the population level and little is still known about inter-individual varia...

A detailed theoretical analysis of the free induction decay (FID) and spin echo (SE) MR signal formation in the presence of mesoscopic structure-specific magnetic field inhomogeneities is developed in the framework of the Gaussian phase distribution approximation. The theory takes into account diffusion of nuclear spins in inhomogeneous magnetic fields created by arbitrarily shaped magnetized o...

An efficient algorithm to reduce the noise from the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Free Induction Decay (NMR FID) signals is presented, in this paper, via the oversampled real-valued discrete Gabor transform using the Gaussian synthesis window. An NMR FID signal in the Gabor transform domain (i.e., a joint time-frequency domain) is concentrated in a few number of Gabor transform coefficients while ...

Individuals often consistently differ in personalities and behaviours that allow them to cope with environmental variation. Flight initiation distance (FID) has been measured in a variety of taxa as an estimate of the risk that an individual is willing to take when facing a predator. FID has been used to test life-history trade-offs related to anti-predatory behaviour and for conservation purpo...

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy exploits the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei to discover the structure, reaction state and chemical environment of molecules. We propose a probabilistic generative model and inference procedures for NMR spectroscopy. Specifically, we use a weighted sum of trigonometric functions undergoing exponential decay to model free induction decay (FID) s...

Since the isolation of artemisinin 32 years ago, it has been analyzed by different chromatographic techniques. This work compared the analysis of artemisinin from crude plant samples by GC with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and HPLC with evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD). Data is also presented indicating that GC is suitable for the quantification of two of artemisinin pre...

The distance from an approaching threat at which animals initiate flight -flight-initiation distance (FID) -is a sensitive metric of variation in risk, but the effects on FID associated with the risk of possessing highly detectable external coloration are unknown. We tested whether variation in the degree of plumage vividness in birds explained variation in flight-initiation distance. After con...

Introduction Rapid chemical shift imaging (CSI) techniques are of considerable interest for hyperpolarized C metabolic imaging [1,2]. Undersampled spiral CSI (spCSI) using a free induction decay (FID) acquisition mode has been applied to real-time metabolic imaging with acquisition times of less than 1 s per slice [3]. The FID acquisition necessitates phase correction during reconstruction for ...

Fundamental operations of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging can be formulated, for a large number of methods, as sampling the object distribution in the Fourier spatial-frequency domain, followed by processing the digitized data to produce a digital image. In these methods, controllable gradient fields determine the points in the spatialfrequency domain which are sampled at any given tim...