• Session 1: Objectives, outcomes, and trade-offs associated with alternative fertilizer promotion programmes. • Session 2: What determines the cost of fertilizer at the farm gate? Cost build-up analysis (Bumb, g p y (IFDC) • Session 3: Fertilizer profitability analysis (Rashid and Jayne, IFPRI/MSU) • Session 4: Experiences and lessons learned with alternative fertilizer promotion efforts (Mino...

Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations between soil fungi belonging to diverse taxa and the roots of about 90% of all terrestrial plant species. The mutualistic nature of these symbioses is based on the nutritional exchanges between the part‐ ners. However, the benefits to the plant partner are not limited to an improved mineral nutrition because they also include a general increase in stress t...

Development is a classic focus of Vygotskian cultural-historical research. On the other hand, development is curiously absent in many recent ethnographic and interactionist approaches to the study of human practices. Partly this split may be due to the normative and vertical bias commonly associated with the notion of development. But if we keep development out of our studies of work and other ...

Nursery grown seedlings of Pinus virginiana with infection by Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) versus seedlings with naturally occurring mycorrhizae were used in greenhouse experiments to determine the influence of mycorrhizae on manganese and zinc uptake and distribution in seedlings. Unamended Pt mycorrhizal seedlings and those treated with 48.0 mg Mn/pot over a 2-week period accumulated significan...

Screen house trials were conducted in Soil and Plant Nutrition Division Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria. In four rate Mycorrhizae was used (M0, M1, M2 M3), NPK Poultry manure three (0, F1 e F2) giving a total twelve (12) treatment combination. Each replicated times. The rates the are equivalent to 0, 500 g, 0.83 g 600 g/polybag 5 kg soil. experiment laid out completely randomized design 20...

Rhizosphere is a bio–influenced zone of soil where the interaction microorganism and plant roots occurred tailored by activity enzymes. The enzymes depends largely on physical chemical characteristics environment. Experiment was carried out to examine phosphomonoesterases in rhizosphere cassava planted two sites (Samaru Minjibir) located savanna ecologies Nigeria. Soils from were sampled each t...

this study was conducted to determine the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (glomus mosseae and glomus intraradices) symbiosis on mineral uptake of two pistachio cultivars (pistacia vera cv. qazvini and pistacia vera cv. badami-riz-zarand) grown in the greenhouse under different drought stress levels. drought stress (ds) reduced the mycorrhizal colonization in both cultivars as well as nu...

A fungal internal transcribed spacer region was used to identify the mycorrhizae of Cymbidium kanran. The family Russulaceae was found to be the most frequently occurring group in both root and soil samples. In phylogenetic analyses, the majority of the Russulaceae clones were clustered with Russula brevipes and R. cyanoxantha. Therefore, C. kanran may form symbiotic relationships with the genu...

Fertilizer application control in reason is the key technology to improve operation quality, reduce fertilizer pollution, and cut down costs of production. A control system of variable rate fertilizer is developed based on microcontroller chip in the paper. The system can automatically control flow dosage by adjusting feed gate opening size and changing hydraulic motor speed of fertilizer conve...

This note demonstrates that a certain class of stochastic problems for determination of optimal fertilizer application rates in the presence of fertilizer carry-over can be simplified to static, certainly equivalent problems. Conditions required for certainty equivalence to hold are: (1) fertilizer carry-over is agronomically equivalent to applied fertilizer; and (2) some addition of fertilizer...