background: smoking has negative effects on reproductive process. exposing to cigarette smoking (passive smoking) may exert some effects as the direct smoking. objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between ovarian response and passive smoking in women who underwent art cycles. materials and methods: one hundred-sixty patients who underwent icsi between 2000 and 2001 w...

background: although the uterine fibroids are common, their influence on fertility remains controversial. the association of submucosal fibroid with subfertility is well recognized, but debate persists as to whether intramural fibroids can cause infertility and the evidence for its effect on pregnancy in cycles of assisted conception remains unclear. objective: the purpose of present study was ...

background: careful evaluation of patients and proper treatment with right techniques are essential for successful outcome of assisted reproduction. to obtain satisfactory results, it is necessary to assess ovarian reserve before planning treatment. objective: to evaluate anti-mullerian hormone as a predictor of fertility potential in terms of ovarian reserve and ovarian response reflected by a...

this study was undertaken to compare the efficiency of fresh and frozen-thawed buck semen on in vitro fertilization (ivf) of goat oocytes. cumulus oocytes complexes (cocs) were collected by aspiration of 2-6 mm diameter follicles, which were obtained from slaughterhouse. upon grading, only normal quality cocs were maturated in tcm-199 for 48 hours. the percentage of cocs reached to the m-ii sta...

background: vitrification has proven to be more effective than slow freezing methods to cryopreserve mammalian oocytes. the objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of vitrification on immature and in vitro matured, denuded and cumulus compact goat oocytes and their subsequent fertilization. methods: oocytes were either cryopreserved as immature cumulus compact (imcc) (n=98 exp 1; ...

background: it is important to protect oocytes and embryos from oxidative stress in the culture medium. melatonin has been shown to be a direct free radical scavenger. objective: effect of melatonin during in vitro oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryo development of mouse oocytes was evaluated. materials and methods: oocytes from supper-ovulated mouse were divided to two groups: cumulus ...

clinical reproductive centers produce large amounts of surplus poor-quality embryos annually, how to maximize the use of these embryos, and which of them have the potential to develop into blastocyst stage and influencing factors were lack of systematic research. objective: to investigate the fate of surplus poor-quality embryos which were cultured to obtain blastocyst, determine the factors wh...

President Bush and many other opponents of using human embryos created by cloning or in vitro fertilization to produce stem cells for research hold an essentialist view: They think that a person's life begins as soon as the potential for a human being exists; thus, an embryo is simply a person who hasn't yet been born. Many proponents of using embryos for research take a more existential view: ...

Infertility is often caused by the failure of sperm and eggs to meet in the natural way. In the early 1960s, Edwards decided to try to develop a method for fertilising human eggs outside the body and only then returning them to the woman. This visionary research project ran into resistance from the establishment, since it raised questions about the beginnings of life and the natural limitations...

Follicle flushing has been proved to be ineffective in polyfollicular in vitro fertilization. To analyze the effect of flushing in monofollicular in vitro fertilization we aspirated and then flushed the follicles in 164 cycles. Total oocyte yield/aspiration was 44.5% in the aspirate, 20.7% in the 1(st) flush, 10.4% in the 2(nd) flush and 4.3% in the 3(rd) flush. By flushing, the total oocyte...