Territorial behavior of the orange-tufted sunbird (Nectarinia osea Bonaparte) was studied in a suburb of Tel Aviv. Both male and female orange-tufted sunbirds occupied and guarded their territory throughout the year, but did so at different intensities in relation to season and fertility stages. When they were in the territory, both sexes spent most of their time at its center, and more so duri...

Do women have children in order to gain social and economic security? Do they have children to appease their husbands or partners? Women are often expected to provide caring labor, manage the household, bear children and raise children. Many women want to perform these tasks, but some may also feel compelled by financial necessity or the expectations of others. If so, then the social status of ...

Religious studies of fertility typically focus on the effect of religious affiliation on fertility; the role of religiosity in determining fertility remains overlooked. Meanwhile, most studies focus on studying female fertility; whether religion and religiosity have significantly different impacts on men’s and women’s fertility rarely has been examined. To fill these gaps, this study uses data ...

in recent decades, the fertility rate in iran has gone through dramatic changes due to different reasons. one of these reasons is women’s increasing participation in the workforce and modern employment which has imposed changes to the childbearing behavior. on the other hand, working women face different challenges regarding childbearing. the present qualitative study investigates the childbear...

This article presents a biosocial model of fertility decline, which integrates ecological-economic and informational-cultural hypotheses of fertility transition in a unified theoretical framework. The model is then applied to empirical data collected among 500 women from San Borja, Bolivia, a population undergoing fertility transition. Using a combination of event history analysis, multiple reg...

BACKGROUND Fertility intention is one of the strongest predictors of couple's fertility behavior that is affected by many variables. This study aimed to identify the relationship of socio-demographic factors, fertility behavior, and child's perceived value with fertility intention of women in a region in the east Iran. METHODS In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 241 married women aged ...

Over the past four decades reproductive behavior has changed rapidly in much of the developing world. The average total fertility rate (TFR) has fallen by half from the tradit ional six or more to near three today, and contraceptive use – once rare – is now widespread. Between the early 1960s and the late 1990s the largest fertility declines occurred in Asia (52 per cent) and Latin America (-55...

Much of the sharp rise in the share of nonmarital births in the United States has been attributed to changes in the fertility choices of unmarried and married women-in response, it is often argued, to public policy. In contrast, we develop and test a model that attributes the rise to changes in marriage behavior, with no necessary changes infertility. A variety of empirical tests strongly suppo...