Floral-color Changes Floral-color changes are common among the angiosperms. At least three non-exclusive hypotheses have been proposed to explain these changes: 1. Once flowers are adequately pollinated, further pollinator visits impair reproduction by deposition of self-pollen, dislodging of pollen, or damage to floral parts. 2. Color changes mark flowers that have been depleted of their rewar...

The present recommendations for dune removal or dune retreat on the Great Lakes for Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flood mapping purposes are based on a simple geometric method as outlined in FEMA (2009). The simple procedure establishes a relationship between dune survival and storm intensity. The method was adopted several decades ago when numerical models were inadequate for pred...

We have developed a framework for flood mitigation risk analysis that applies generally to floods, and have applied it in this study of flood mitigation risk analysis for the Raritan Basin in New Jersey, USA. The framework we have developed involves a conceptual model of the relation among meteorological activity, hydrological models, infrastructure intervention, fine-grained topography, and ec...

BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a common and significant pathogen in cystic fibrosis. We sought to determine if quantitative PCR (qPCR) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing could provide a rapid, culture-independent approach to the identification of S. aureus airway infections. METHODS We examined the sensitivity and specificity of two qPCR assays, targeting the femA and 16S rRNA gene, using cult...

BACKGROUND To estimate changes in the cost and utilization of Medicare among beneficiaries over age 65 who have been impacted by a natural disaster, we merged publically available county-level Medicare claims for the years 2008-2012 with Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) data related to disasters in each U.S. County from 2007 to 2012. METHODS Fixed-effects generalized linear models w...

This study was conducted published to investigate there liability of the equation pressure-impulse (PI) reinforced concrete column in previous studies. Equation involves three different levels of damage criteria known as D =0.2, D =0.5 and D =0.8. The damage criteria known as a minor when 0-0.2, 0.2-0.5 is known as moderate damage, high damage known as 0.5-0.8, and 0.81 of the structure is cons...

Introducción: Ecuador se encuentra en una zona sísmica de alto riesgo haciendo altamente vulnerables a las estructuras metálicas, el problema fundamental es determinar comportamiento mamposterías frente eventos sísmicos aisladas y confinadas. Objetivo: edificios metálicas mediana altura que utilizan Metodología: la metodología utilizada para presente estudio fue considerar modelaciones realizad...

A new transposon library constructed in the background of the highly and homogeneously methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain COL yielded 70 independent insertional mutants with reduced levels of antibiotic resistance. Restriction analysis with HindIII, EcoRV, EcoRI, and PstI and then Southern hybridization with probes for the transposon and for the femA-femB gene demonstrated that ...

femA is a chromosomally encoded factor, occurring naturally in Staphylococcus aureus, which is essential for the expression of high-level methicillin resistance in this organism. The production of a low-affinity penicillin-binding protein, PBP2a or PBP2', which is intimately involved with methicillin resistance in S. aureus, is not influenced byfenmA. To elucidate a possible physiological funct...