The infl uences of morphology and thickness of zinc oxide (ZnO) buffer layers on the performance of inverted polymer solar cells are investigated. ZnO buffer layers with different morphology and thickness varying from several nanometers to ≈ 55 nm are fabricated by adjusting the concentration of the precursor sol. The ZnO buffer layers with nearly same surface quality but with thickness varying...

M. Petrovici, V. Simion, M. Petriş, D. Moisă, A. Radu, D. Bartoş, I. Berceanu, V. Cătănescu, A. Herghelegiu, C. Măgureanu, NIPNE-Bucharest M. Hoppe, A. Wilk, J.P. Wessels, University of Münster The Transition Radiation Detector considered to be implemented in the CBM experiment at the future FAIR facility at GSI Darmstadt will be used for particle tracking and identifi cation of high energy ele...

1 This paper has bene…ted from communications with Steve Matthews on related issues. and suggestions. Any remaining errors are our own. A de…ning feature of the premium auctions is that the seller commits to o¤ering a share of pro…t, called " premium, " to a number of highest bidders when the auction ends successfully. This paper analyzes an English premium-auction (EPA) model in a setting that...

A dedicated heat exchanger model is introduced for the optimization of heavy-duty diesel engines. The a prerequisite execution CFD simulations, which are used to improve waste recovery in these systems. Several methods coupled with different types working fluids compared terms exergy efficiency and complicity. three considered all lead significant improvements R245fa R1233zd systems comparative...

DOI: 10.1002/adma.201004393 Dr. J. Grandidier , D. M. Callahan , Dr. J. N. Munday , Prof. H. A. Atwater Thomas J. Watson Laboratories of Applied Physics California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA 91125, USA E-mail: [email protected] For thin-fi lm solar cells, light absorption is usually proportional to the fi lm thickness. However, if freely propagating sunlight can be transformed into...

Evaluation of effi ciency exploiting capital is an important part a company’s economic activity. A reasonably formed system for monitoring the will provide company with appropriate basis managerial decision-making such as adjustment scale and structure investment choice sources capital. When considering measures aimed at eliminating negative phenomena influencing efficiency business it essentia...

The co-delivery of molecular-targeted therapeutics for combination therapy is one of the hottest areas in biomedicine due to its ability to suppress drug toxicity and reduce drug resistance for effective cancer treatment. [ 1–6 ] Most of the targeted drugs, from monoclonal antibodies to small molecule kinase inhibitors, are still most effective in combination therapy. Combination of two or more...

The Canal Point (CP) sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) breeding program has developed highyielding cultivars for the organic soils of South Florida, but cultivar development has not been as successful for sand soils in this region. Our objectives were to improve fi nal-stage (Stage 4) selection effi ciency of this program by assessing interactions among genotypes, soils, and locations and other source...

In such a device concept, the effi ciency of thin fi lm solar devices can be enhanced by orthogonalizing the light absorption and carrier collection processes, especially for the material systems that exhibit low minority carrier lifetimes. [ 7 ] In addition, surface refl ectance is reduced and the absorption is enhanced, thus improving the overall conversion effi ciency. One route for fabricat...