Numerical inversions for earthquake source parameters from tsunami wave data usually incorporate subjective elements to stabilize the search. In addition, noisy and possibly insufficient data result in instability and non-uniqueness in most deterministic inversions, which are barely acknowledged. Here, we employ the satellite altimetry data for the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman tsunami event to invert t...

The principal kinematic formula and the closely related Crofton formula are central themes of integral geometry in the sense of Blaschke and Santaló. There have been various generalizations, variants, and analogues of these formulae, in part motivated by applications. We give a survey of recent investigations in the spirit of the kinematic and Crofton formulae, concentrating essentially on deve...

Fold scarps, a type of geomorphic scarp formed by folding mechanisms of hinge migration or limb rotation, serve to delineate both fault-bend characteristics and folding histories, which can, in turn, illuminate tectonic processes and seismic hazards associated with thrust systems. Because the subsurface geometry of folds is commonly difficult to determine, existing fold-scarp models, which rely...

We investigate whether a shallow-dipping thrust fault is prone to waveslip interactions via surface-reflected waves affecting the dynamic slip. If so, can these interactions create faults that are opaque to radiated energy? Furthermore, in this case of a shallow-dipping thrust fault, can incorrectly assuming a transparent fault while using dislocation theory lead to underestimates of seismic mo...

this paper concerns the design and analysis, of a ball type continuously variable transmission, (b-cvt). this b-cvt has a simple kinematic structure, and same as a toroidal cvt, transmits power by friction on the contact points between input and output discs, that are connected to each other by balls. after, a brief introduction of our b-cvt structure, the performance and traction efficiency of...

A method to simulate the interactions between objects of a mechanism is described. The method can simulate planar kinematic chains of any length. The same method is used with modifications to generate the geometry of one object of a kinematic pair given the required functional relationship and the geometry of the other object. The planar contour shape of each object of a kinematic pair is repre...

Introduction The description of a fault model includes the fault surfaces and associated tip lines, the fault network geometry, and the displacement geometry of faults. Fault surfaces are usually observed from seismic discontinuities, which include reflector breaks, flexures, and amplitude changes. These discontinuities can often have a regular appearance that corresponds to fault geometries fo...