The overwhelming majority of survivable (fault-tolerant) network design models assume a uniform scenario set. Such a scenario set assumes that every subset of the network resources (edges or vertices) of a given cardinality k comprises a scenario. While this approach yields problems with clean combinatorial structure and good algorithms, it often fails to capture the true nature of the scenario...

Many products have two kinds of failure modes, that is, degradation failure and traumatic failure. It is of great importance to study the competing failure of degradation failure and traumatic failure at use or accelerating conditions. In this paper, the problem of accelerated failure with competing causes of a degradation failure mode and multiple traumatic failure modes is treated. We discuss...

In this study, we argue that users participating in the design process will form the participation as a function of their professional role, but also as a function of their identity more or less independent from their role. In order to get the full potential of cooperative design the user identity in general and in this case their attitudes towards technology in particular should be incorporate...