The relevance of this article is determined by the constantly growing interest that researchers take in study cognitive linguistics and psycholinguistics how why people decide to keep or, conversely, reveal secrets. purpose our describe verbalization concept secret modern English literary fictional discourse. communicative acts hiding or revealing secrets personages’ speech have been chosen as ...

Politeness strategy is a in the use of language related to good and polite verbal communication, which can make communication work cooperatively. In terms communicating, politeness strategies are very important avoid conflicts means avoiding face-threatening acts (FTA) hearer. researching strategy, film art that be analyzed because it has characters utterances closely real life. Thus, entitled ...

ANDREAS BALLOT*, LOTHAR KRIENITZ, KIPLAGAT KOTUT, CLAUDIA WIEGAND, JAMES S. METCALF, GEOFFREY A. CODD AND STEPHAN PFLUGMACHER LEIBNIZ-INSTITUTE OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY AND INLAND FISHERIES, DEPARTMENT OF LIMNOLOGY OF STRATIFIED LAKES, ALTE FISCHERHÜTTE 2, D-16775 STECHLIN, GERMANY, KENYATTA UNIVERSITY, BOTANY DEPARTMENT, PO BOX 43844, NAIROBI, KENYA, 2 LEIBNIZ-INSTITUTE OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY AND ...

While some models of how various attributes of a face are processed have posited that face features, invariant physical cues such as gender or ethnicity as well as variant social cues such as emotion, may be processed independently (e.g., Bruce and Young, 1986), other models suggest a more distributed representation and interdependent processing (e.g., Haxby et al., 2000). Here, we use a contin...

Using a visual search paradigm, we investigated how a top-down goal modified attentional bias for threatening facial expressions. In two experiments, participants searched for a facial expression either based on stimulus characteristics or a top-down goal. In Experiment 1 participants searched for a discrepant facial expression in a homogenous crowd of faces. Consistent with previous research, ...

Facial expressions of emotion elicit increased activity in the human amygdala. Such increases are particularly evident for expressions that convey potential threat to the observer, and arise even when the face is masked from awareness. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine whether the amygdala responds differentially to threatening (fearful) versus nonthreatening (happ...

The ability to rapidly detect and respond to potentially threatening stimuli has survival value that has led researchers to posit that a threat detection system should have evolved within human cognitive architecture. LeDoux and his colleagues (Armony, Servan-Schreiber, Cohen, & LeDoux, 1997; LeDoux, 2000; Phelps & LeDoux, 2005) have proposed an early-warning system that is mediated by the amyg...

Attention deficits are prominent among the core symptoms of schizophrenia. A recent meta-analysis has suggested that patients with schizophrenia have a deficit in endogenous disengagement of attention. In this research, we used a standard spatial cueing paradigm to examine whether the attention deficit of such patients is due to impaired attentional disengagement or defective novelty detection/...

We introduce two descriptive models for evaluating creative software; the FACE model, which describes creative acts performed by software in terms of tuples of generative acts, and the IDEA model, which describes how such creative acts can have an impact upon an audience. We show how these models have been inspired both by ideas in the psychology of creativity and by an analysis of acts of huma...

Language is regarded as a method that people use to exchange ideas with each other, and it considered the primary source of communication among human beings because holds profound role in comprehending world around beyond them. To speaks graciously avoid face-threatening acts, language users are required politeness strategies. This study aims find out strategies which employed by Kurdish Englis...