Diabetic retinopathy lesion detection such as exudate in fundus image of retina can lead to early diagnosis of the disease. Retinal image includes dark areas such as main blood vessels and retinal tissue and also bright areas such as optic disk, optical fibers and lesions e.g. exudate. In this paper, a multistage algorithm for the detection of exudate in foreground is proposed. The algorithm se...

Viperid snakebite envenomation is characterized by inflammatory events including increase in vascular permeability. A copious exudate is generated in tissue injected with venom, whose proteomics analysis has provided insights into the mechanisms of venom-induced tissue damage. Hereby it is reported that wound exudate itself has the ability to induce increase in vascular permeability in the skin...

Mononuclear phagocytes have been attributed a crucial role in the host defense toward influenza virus (IV), but their contribution to influenza-induced lung failure is incompletely understood. We demonstrate for the first time that lung-recruited "exudate" macrophages significantly contribute to alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) apoptosis by the release of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-i...

When tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. var. Virginia Gold) plants were pretreated with Na ((22)Na) several days before detopping, from 2.3 to 4.9% of Na previously accumulated in roots appeared in the xylem exudate in 7 days after detopping. Na from the external medium, however, was readily transported to the exudate. Moreover, the amount of the pretreatment Na that was transported to the exudate w...

objective: the gingival crevicular fluid (gcf) is an inflammatory exudate found in the gingival sulcus. the forces exerted during orthodontic treatment cause distortion of the periodontal ligament (pdl) extra-cellular matrix, resulting in some biological features that can lead to modification of both gcf volume and its components. the present study investigated the effect of orthodontic tooth m...

How arsenic (As) is transported in phloem remains unknown. To help answer this question, we quantified the chemical species of As in phloem and xylem exudates of castor bean (Ricinus communis) exposed to arsenate [As(V)], arsenite [As(III)], monomethylarsonic acid [MMA(V)], or dimethylarsinic acid. In the As(V)- and As(III)-exposed plants, As(V) was the main species in xylem exudate (55%-83%) w...

Colleters are protuberances or trichomes that produce and release an exudate that overlays vegetative or reproductive buds. Colleters have a functional definition, as they are thought to protect young tissues against dehydration and pest attack. Decaffeinated coffee plants, named Decaffito, have recently been obtained through chemical mutagenesis, and in addition to the absence of the alkaloid,...

Posnett and Franks (2008) have calculated that 200,000 people in the UK have a chronic wound, with an estimated treatment cost of between £2.3billion and £3.1billion per year. Chronic wounds have proven costly to the NHS due to prolonged treatment periods, frequent dressing changes, more nursing time used and the potential for further deterioration (Harding et al, 2007). The challenge of chroni...

Inputs of low molecular weight carbon (LMW-C) to soil - primarily via root exudates- are expected to be a major driver of microbial activity and source of stable soil organic carbon. It is expected that variation in the type and composition of LMW-C entering soil will influence microbial community composition and function. If this is the case then short-term changes in LMW-C inputs may alter pr...

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) crops can be severely damaged due to parasitism by the root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita, but are protected when intercropped with crown daisy (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.). Root exudate may be the determining factor for this protection. An experiment using pots linked by a tube and Petri dish experiments were undertaken to confirm that tomato-crown da...