SINCE 1944 when Warren and Stead' first attributed the fluid retention of chronic congestive heart failure to a specific renal dysfunction, an ever increasing interest has centered upon the kidney in an attempt to elucidate its part in the production of edema. Seven years later, although there has been no general agreement on the mechanism, it is believed by many workers that in heart failure t...

There is a high frequency of diarrhea and vomiting in childhood. As a consequence the focus of the present review is to recognize the different body fluid compartments, to clinically assess the degree of dehydration, to know how the equilibrium between extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid is maintained, to calculate the effective blood osmolality and discuss both parenteral fluid requirm...

There is a high frequency of diarrhea and vomiting in childhood. As a consequence the focus of the present review is to recognize the different body fluid compartments, to clinically assess the degree of dehydration, to know how the equilibrium between extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid is maintained, to calculate the effective blood osmolality and discuss both parenteral fluid mainten...

The regulation of body fluid balance is a key concern in health and disease and comprises three concepts. The first concept pertains to the relationship between total body water (TBW) and total effective solute and is expressed in terms of the tonicity of the body fluids. Disturbances in tonicity are the main factor responsible for changes in cell volume, which can critically affect brain cell ...

In 13 untreated patients with essential hypertension, the plasma volume (T-1824) and the extracellular fluid volume (82Brdistribution space) were determined three times. During treatment with 50 to 100 mg of hydrochlorothiazide daily, determinations of plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume were repeated after treatment for 1 mo (13 patients), 2 mo (13 patients), 4 mo (eight patients), an...

Bhakoo, 0. N., and Scopes, J. W. (1971). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 46, 483. Weight minus extracellular fluid as metabolic reference standard in newborn baby. In 51 babies of differing size and gestational age, rates of oxygen consumption and corrected bromide space (as a measure of extracellular fluid) were measured. The results are used to examine the concept that weight minus extracel...

We investigate the relationship between brain extracellular fluid free phenytoin concentration and plasma free phenytoin concentration in adults with acute brain injury. Daily cerebral microdialysate free phenytoin concentration was measured in eight adults with acute brain injury and compared to simultaneous measurement of plasma free phenytoin concentration. The group data revealed no signifi...

In 13 untreated patients with essential hypertension, the plasma volume (T-1824) and the extracellular fluid volume (82Brdistribution space) were determined three times. During treatment with 50 to 100 mg of hydrochlorothiazide daily, determinations of plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume were repeated after treatment for 1 mo (13 patients), 2 mo (13 patients), 4 mo (eight patients), an...

In 13 untreated patients with essential hypertension, the plasma volume (T-1824) and the extracellular fluid volume (82Brdistribution space) were determined three times. During treatment with 50 to 100 mg of hydrochlorothiazide daily, determinations of plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume were repeated after treatment for 1 mo (13 patients), 2 mo (13 patients), 4 mo (eight patients), an...

Electron micrographs (EMs) of central nervous tissue perfused with glutaraldehyde and post-fixed with osmium tetroxide exhibit more extracellular space in superficial than in deep regions of the brain. It was postulated that this is due to the availability to the surface tissue of the cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoidal space. It was assumed that in addition to the extracellular material ...